Vitamin E

Vitamin E can be found both in natural sources and synthetic sources in the form of vitamins and supplements. Thus, vitamin E is found in many components present in oils and skin creams. Note, however, that because of extremely cold temperatures the vitamin E from the skin is destroyed, while high temperatures favor its decomposition.

The best way to ensure your body needs of vitamin E is by following a proper food style and therefore it is recommended to consume big quantities of almonds, asparagus, avocado, Brazil nuts, canola oil, corn oil or cotton seed oil, cereals, peanuts, soybean oil, sunflower seeds, nuts and wheat germ.

Beneficial Effects Of Vitamin E

The beneficial effects of vitamin E:

Vitamin E has many beneficial effects on the body from stimulating the body’s normal growth and to prevent and treat deficiencies of vitamin E in infants born prematurely or with a weight less than the normal average. Also, vitamin E acts as an anticoagulant agent and is stimulating the red blood cell formation. Meanwhile, it has the ability to reduce the risk of  myocardial infarction, fatal, in men and the ability to protect the body from prostate cancer due to antioxidant effect. Other beneficial effects of vitamin E include:

• Improve the specific symptoms of cystic fibrosis;
• Reduce the risk of peripheral circulatory diseases;
• Enhance the quality of sexual intercourse;
• Increases the muscle strength and the stamens level of the body.

Vitamin E is recommended for all people who follow a deficient diet, in this category being included the consumption of alcohol or other drugs and the people who have a lot of stress  for extended periods of time. Vitamin E is also recommended for people who are prone to heart attacks, cystic fibrosis or celiac disease.

Beneficial Effects Of Vitamin E

In infants and children vitamin E deficiency is manifested by feelings of irritability, swelling, and hemolytic anemia. In adults, however, vitamin E deficiency is manifested by lethargy, apathy, inability to concentrate and nerve dysfunction. To correct this condition is recommended to seek medical treatment with vitamin E in the form of tablets or capsules. Vitamin E must be taken immediately after meals, to avoid the risk of stomach irritation.

Signs of vitamin E overdose:

Vitamin E overdose will decrease the level of vitamin A from the body, while larger amounts of vitamin E, given in 1000 IU / day can cause vomiting, headaches and a decrease in immune system activity and in thyroid metabolism.

Premature Ovarian Failure

Loss of ovarian function is generally a progressive process that occurs over a number of years and culminates with menopause. Premature ovarian failure is defined as loss of ovarian function before age of 40 years. This condition occurs especially in young women aged between 15 and 29, but may also appear in women who have exceeded this age. Women who suffer from premature ovarian failure have fewer or no eggs, or the eggs can not develop normally. Depending on the cause, premature ovarian failure can appear early, in adolescence. Due to the relatively young age of appearance and because of the nature of this unexpected event, the patient may require both psychological support, and hormone replacement therapy. Although, most physicians are not adequately trained to provide fully psychological support, the right approach of the disease and a specialized service recommandation can be helpful.

Premature Ovarian Failure

 Premature Ovarian Failure Causes

The exact causes of premature ovarian failure are not fully understood. It was observed that premature ovarian failure is more frequent associated with the following conditions:

• Enzymatic or metabolic defects:

1. Galactosemia, thalassemia major treated with multiple blood transfusions and hemochromatosis;
2. Chemotherapy – drug castration;
3. Surgery – surgical castration;
4. Viral infections;
5. Abnormal secretion of gonadotropins or defects in their function;

• Genetic and chromosomal disorders :

1. Turner Syndrome. Normally, female karyotype is 46, XX – meaning there are 46 chromosomes, of which two X chromosomes, the sex chromosomes. When there are only 45 chromosomes and one X chromosome is missing, then we talk about Turner syndrome. In moast cases, girls who suffer from Turner syndrome did not menstruate due to the fact that the follicular reserve is exhausted before they  reach puberty;
2. Androgen resistance syndrome;
3. Familial predisposition.

• Autoimmune diseases:

1. Thyroid disorders;
2. Poliglandular failure;
3. Hypoparathyroidism;
4. Rheumatoid arthritis;
5. Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura;
6. Diabetes;
7. Pernicious anemia;
8. Vitiligo;
9. Lupus erythematosus.

Premature Ovarian Failure – Causes

 Premature Ovarian Failure Risk Factors

• Heredity: it was observed that in families where the mother or grandmother suffered from premature menopause (synonym for premature ovarian failure) the incidence of the disease is much higher;
• Age: as women get older, the risk for developing premature ovarian failure is greater, for eg. at the age of 20 years, the incidence is 1 in 1.000 women, at the age of 35 years, the incidence is 1 in 250 women and at the age of 40 years the incidence increases to 1 in 100 women;
• Disease of pituitary gland that are decreasing the secretion of hormones like LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone).

Premature Ovarian Failure Symptoms

Premature ovarian failure is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles or the absence of menstrual cycles, problems with fertility and menopause-like symptoms. It is, therefore, very difficult for women with premature ovarian failure to become pregnant.

The clinical manifestations of premature ovarian failure are similar to menopause symptoms:

• Night sweats;
• Hot flashes;
• Vaginal dryness and decreased vaginal secretion;
• Nervousness and decreased ability to concentrate;
• Decreased libido;
• Insomnia.

Premature Ovarian Failure

Paraclinical investigations in premature ovarian failure:

Gynecological examination can detect small impalpable ovaries (this is a highly subjective examination) or can suggest a pregnancy (due to amenorrhea – that lack of menstruation), which is certainly confirmed by ultrasound examination. On the other hand, transvaginal ultrasound examination can confirm or not a pregnancy, but also can detect the disappearance of the ovarian follicles (this is a sign of premature ovarian failure).

Testing the level of estrogen (estradiol) in the blood – low levels of this hormone may indicate the cessation of ovarian activity. Moreover, when the rate of estradiol falls below 36, menopause is likely to be already installed.

The dosage of follicle stimulating  hormone from pituitary origin, is the most conclusive test which can indicate the installation of menopause (the role of this hormone is to stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen). FSH over 30 indicate severe impairment in the ovarian unit.

Premature Ovarian Failure Complications

1. Infertility – many women with premature ovarian failure are diagnosed with infertility.
2. Osteoporosis –  can cause fractures due to decreased bone density and strength. Many studies show that bone loss is faster after menopause, when estrogen levels decrease. This decrease of bone density and strenght can be slowed by taking estrogen. The most common are hip fractures. 85% of hip fractures occur in women and 10-20% of patients die due to the complications. Other effects of osteoporosis are deviations of the spine and back pain due to vertebral fractures.
3. Endometrial cancer – There is a small risk of endometrial cancer in women who take estrogen. This risk can be virtually eliminated by adding progestin (synthetic progesterone). For these reasons, women should take estrogen and progesterone substitutes. Hysterectomised women should not take progestin for endometrial cancer, because they have no risk for developing this type of cancer.
4. Heart disease – are the first cause of death in women, and is recorded two times more deaths from cardiac causes, than of all cancers combined. Estrogen improves serum cholesterol levels by increasing HDL cholesterol (“good” cholesterol) and lowering levels of LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol). There is a reason to believe that estrogen reduces the risk of myocardial infarction, but this is not sure yet. On the other hand, there are other ways to reduce the risk of heart attack, such as a low-fat diet, exercise and medications. Women at high risk for cardiovascular disease, should talk with their cardiologist for treatment options.
5. Breast caner – most problems in recent years are related to the possibility of a link between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. Studies show a 30% increase in the risk of breast cancer after 10 years of hormone replacement therapy. For example, a woman with risk of 9:100 for breast cancer, will have a risk of 12:100 after 10 or 15 years of hormone replacement.
6. Dementia or Alzheimer’s disease – For women with early Alzheimer’s disease, estrogen appears to improve the disease. At this point, we do not know if estrogen replacement decreases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Premature Ovarian Failure Treatment

Treatment for premature ovarian failure is generally hormonal. Usually, this therapy is associated with calcium and vitamin D.

Estrogen therapy in premature ovarian failure is used to optimize the level of estrogen in the blood so that the pituitary function to be normal and to be sufficient to stimulate the follicles. Normal level of estrogen also prevents the risk of osteoporosis.

There is no known treatment for the stimulation of the ovaries in premature ovarian failure. The gynecologist may prescribe a treatment based on hormones, antidepressants or other drugs to treat hot flashes and other symptoms. Some women may wish to become pregnant using donor eggs.

Apgar Score

Apgar score is the first medical evaluation of infants and occurs in the first minute of life, and then is repeated after 5 minutes from expulsion.

Apgar score was named after Virginia Apgar, who first proposed, in 1953, this score as a way to evaluate, in measurable and quantitative terms the health of the newborn. Apgar score is used today in all modern hospitals.

Baby’s medical evaluation is done based on 5 parameters, which are: breathing, heart rate, reactivity to stimuli, musclar tonus and skin appearance. These parameters will be marked with a note from 0 to 2, each, summing in total a score from 0 to 10, called the Apgar score.

Apgar Score

Muscular tonus (activity):

It is estimated based on active and passive movements:

• 0 – Muscles are flaccid;
• 1 – Some flexion movements of the extremities;
• 2 – Present active movements, muscular tonus is good.

Heart rate (pulse):

It is estimated on the number of heart beats per minute:

• 0 – Absence of heart beat;
• 1 – Less than 100 heart beats per minute;
• 2 – More than 100 heart beats per minute.

Reflex excitability (grimace):

Reflex excitability or reflectivity, is the response of the new born to external stimuli, is estimated by response that appear when the probe is placed into nasal cavity to release the airways:

• 0 – Does not react;
• 1 – Makes a grimace;
• 2 – Screams, coughs or sneezes.

Skin color (appearance):

Skin color is important because it reveals the degree of oxygenation of the blood:

• 0 – Pale or blue skin;
• 1 – Pink trunk and blue to the extremities;
• 2 – Pink skin.

Breathing and screaming (breathing):

It is estimated the occurrence of spontaneous breathing, reflected by a scream or cry and the presence of vigorous respiratory movements:

• 0 – Absence of breathing;
• 1 – irregular breathing movements, weak cry;
• 2 – Regular breathing movements, screaming or crying vigorously.

Apgar Score

Making a Agpar score of a newborn at one minute after the expulsion,, will help the doctor to determine if the baby requires urgent medical assistance.

If the infant accumulated a Apgar score between 7 and 10, means that it is healthy and require only standard care.

A Apgar score located between 4 and 6 indicate that the infant has trouble breathing. This situation can be remedied by massage and oxygen.

If a baby accumulates a scor under 3 that, shows a poor general condition and requires intensive care. However, keep in mind that a low Apgar score obtained in the first minute of life, does not mean that the infant will not feel better over time. Children who are born prematurely or by cesarean section usually record a lower Apgar score than the baby born naturally.

Apgar Score System

Index obtained from the assessment made at 60 seconds after the expulsion, is reassessed after 5 minutes, to see the progress made by the baby or if he had respond positively to any type of intervention, of which he has been subjected. A normal Apgar score for the 5 minutes should be between 7 and 10. However, if the infant register a Apgar score below 6, at the second evaluation, the child may need medical intervention and the doctor will determine the next steps.

Folic Acid Can Prevent Birth Defects

The conception, bringing a child into the world is an important step in any couple. Although this decision affects equally both the male and female partner, the woman will go through multiple physiological changes during pregnancy. Risks to born a fetus with a particular medical condition are high, so the mother must make some changes in her lifestyle both before becoming pregnant, and during pregnancy.

These lifestyle changes can be classified in two categories: the elimination of certain risk factors for the child (quitting smoking and alcohol for example), and the introduction of certain elements in the diet to ensure proper development of the fetus (for example, that folic acid or vitamin B9). In terms of a correct diet before and during pregnancy, taking folic acid is one of the most important steps that a woman can do.

Folic Acid Can Prevent Birth Defects

You must remember that some babies may come into the world with birth defects. One such condition is the neural canal defect, which occurs after 28 days from conception and affects the brain and spinal cord of the fetus. Neural canal defect can occur in two ways:

• Spina bifida: a malformation which is characterized by the absence, in the lower back and sacral region, of the posterior vertebral arches.
• Anencephaly: a malformation which is characterized by the absence of the flat bones of the skull, which causes the brain to be exposed, and even poorly developed. If the pregnancy is carried to the end, usually the child will not live more than a few days.

Spina Bifida

According to American researchers, about 1.500 pregnancies are ended prematurely due to medical complications associated with neural canal defect. Between 2.500 and 3.000 newborns are affected by this condition, but the pregnancie is carried to the end. Because it is a very serious medical condition, these children will not have a normal life. Those suffering from anencephaly die within days after birth, as we predicted above, and those with spina bifida will suffer from paralysis and other disabilities. Is estimated that 200 million dollars are spent annually to treat people suffering from spina bifida surgery (these estimations include only surgical costs, not costs associated with daily care of these people).

What causes that appearance of anencephaly or of spina bifida? To find the answer to this question, we turn to U.S. researchers. It seems that the neural canal defect shows up mainly in pregnant women who are taking treatment for epilepsy, or pregnant women with folic acid deficiency. For these reason, it was concluded that the introduction of folic acid in the diet, both before and during pregnancy reduces the risk for a newborn to have a defect in the neural canal. In Canada for example, cases of births with neural canal defect decreased by 46% after certain foods have been treated with folic acid.

Folic Acid

It is recommended that all women, once they reach the age when they can conceive, to include folic acid in their diet or vitam B9, in a dose of 0.4 mg, daily. Even if you plan to become pregnant soon, you should follow this advice. Why? Simply, because if you not practice safe sex, you can get pregnant without your knowledge, and because neural canal defect occurs in an early stage of pregnancy (at 28 days after conception), you will not have the time to take appropriate measures to fight this condition. It is better to prevent a condition that often lead to fetal death or will lead to a life that will make the future child and adult to faces with health problems.

Folic acid can be obtained from drugs (multivitamin or folic acid supplements) or from daily food (spinach, kale, lettuce, beans, peas, cereals, sunflower seeds, liver, yeast).

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome is considered to be one of the most common endocrine disorder of fertile women. It affects between 5 and 10% of premenopausal women. Being a chronic condition of  anovulatory hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary syndrome has important clinical consequences on the patients, consequences that include infertility, diabetes, menstrual abnormalities, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), alopecia (hair loss), high risk of endometrial cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

The ovaries are covered by a thick, fibrous capsule, that the ovarian follicle in its growth dose not manage to break. The ovarian follicle is a cavity filled with fluid, in which the ovule is developing and growing throughout the menstrual cycle, so, on 14th day (for a 28 day menstrual cycle) the pressure inside is exceeding the outside pressure and the follicle ruptures, expelling the egg. The phenomenon is called ovulation. In polycystic ovary syndrome, the pressure inside can not brake the capsule and the egg can not be expelled, and for this reason will appear anovulatory menstrual cycles, and therefor will appear infertility. The name of polycystic ovary syndrome comes from the fact that the follicles remain like little cysts (they no longer break) and, over time, they accumulate in the ovary.

Polycystic Ovary

Causes of polycystic ovary syndrome:

Polycystic ovary syndrome is now considered a heterogeneous disease in which are included several subpopulations of  women, where etiopathogenic elements are different, most likely are multifactorial – genetic abnormalities, environmental, nutritional and hormonal abnormalities, that are inducing the occurrence of hormonal abnormalities that perpetuates in a vicious circle. In the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome have also been incriminated primary hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, ovarian and adrenal disorders, and more recently insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia (increased insulin secretion of the pancreas). Hyperinsulinemia is 2-3 times more common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with healthy women, its prevalence is 60-80% in obese patients and 30-50% in normal-weight patients. Thoraco-abdominal distribution of excess body fat is positively correlated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism.

Insulin stimulates the ovarian and adrenal secretion of androgen hormones, reduces the hepatic production of SHBG (plasma protein that is caring the androgen hormones), increases the active plasma fraction of androgen hormones, stimulates the activity of 5-alpha-reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, a hormone which has a important role in the growth of ovarian follicles (follicle genesis).

Symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome:

Due to androgen excess, will appear abnormal hair growth (hirsutism),  android fat deposit, predominantly on the abdomen, neck, and face.

Because of the excess estrogen, will appear excess growth of the lining of the endometrium, which will give genital dysfunctional bleeding (outside the menstruation period or prolonged menses), and the accumulation of adipose tissue, which will lead to secondary obesity.

Hirsutism is defined as a excessive hair growth in a woman, in areas where it is usually minimal or absent (upper lip, chin, chest, around the nipple, sacral region, thighs). The hair will have male characters: it is thick, strong, shiny and well lubricated, dark and curly. Hirsutism is present in most, but not all patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hirsutism intensity is influenced by many factors including hormonal disturbances, individual features (the number of hair follicles and their sensitivity to androgens) and racial characteristics. Thus, hirsutism was reported in approx 70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Europe and in the U.S.A., and only 10% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from Eastern countries.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome – Facial Hair

Acne, a relatively common manifestation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, is affecting the face, back, shoulders and chest area. It is usually associated with comedones and can leave multiple unpleasant scars.

Male pattern alopecia, which consist of diffuse thinning of the head pilosity, more predominantly in the vertex and the deepening of frontal gulfs.

Virilization of the phenotype: in polycystic ovary syndrome can occur skeletal changes  (increased biacromial diameter, shoulder width is greater than the hips), muscle development, with increased muscle strength and fat disposition, particularly on the abdomen and not on the buttocks, which is characteristic for women.

Skin virilization: due to the action of androgens, the skin gets a masculine look became thicker, rough, without smoothness and elasticity.

Virilization of the voice: due to hypertrophy of the vocal cords, the voice becomes lower, with serious tones.

Virilization of external genitalia: consist of the hypertrophy of the labia majora and of the clitoris, gaining a scrotal appearance.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome – Hair Loss

Menstrual disorders consist of changes in the menses rhythm (menstruation appear more often), in the duration of menses (reduced or extended) and in the menstrual flow (low or abundant).Menstrual disorders dose not represent  a compulsory element in symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, because 15-20% of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome have regular menstrual periods. Premenstrual syndrome occurs at a third of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and is consisting of breast congestion, breast pain, flatulence, fluid retention, headache, irritability, depression, phenomena that occur in 7 to 12 days before menses and subside in the first or second day of menses.

Infertility is a consequence of the anovulatory menstrual cycles, pregnancy is initially impossible but fertility declines progressively with age and with the evolution of the disease.

Obesity: excess weight is positively correlated with the signs of hypeandrogenism, with extent of menstrual disorders and with infertility. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, the obesity is usually moderate, adipose panicle being deposited in about 75% of cases, in thoraco-abdominal region.

Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome:

Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome is based on symptoms and paraclinical investigations, as fallows:

• Specific transabdominal ultrasound image;
• Specific hormonal dosage (high levels of testosterone, resistant cells to the action of insulin, androstenedione, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone);
• Laparoscopy (observation of the ovary appearance with a video camera and taking small pieces to be analyzed);
• Physical control for the observation of the pilosity;
• Determination of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose;

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome – Ultrasound Examination

Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome:

The first step in controlling the polycystic ovary syndrome is adopting a healthy diet and performing regular exercise. If the patient is overweight or obese, only a small weight loss will helpful in establishing a more balanced hormonal secretion and a regular menstrual cycle.

Administration of ovulation inducers is useful in women who are planning to become pregnant.

Surgical interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome may include:Hormonal treatment is indicated whenever there is a deficiency in endocrine component. When a women with polycystic ovary syndrome is not trying to conceive, then she can use contraceptive pills to regulate her menstrual cycle and prevent the incidence of cervical cancer. Hormone therapy can improve the side effects of the diseases, such as acne and hirsutism. Are, also recommended birth control pills, patches and vaginal ring (containing a small dose of hormones). The combination of diuretics like spironolactone with oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone give good results in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

• Removing a part of the ovary to stimulate fertility, if the woman wants to get pregnant;
• Remove the ovaries if the woman does not want to get pregnant.

Types of surgical interventions:

1. Laparoscopic ovarian surgery is a surgical procedure that can trigger ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who have failed to lose weight and dose not response to fertility medications. Electrocautery or laser are used to destroy portions of the ovaries.
2. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy is a surgical procedure which removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

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Sources

1. https://www.ovariancystmiracle.com/Ovarian-Cyst-Video.php

2. https://news.psu.edu/story/320417/2014/07/09/research/letrozole-may-help-women-pcos-become-pregnant

3. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ovarian-cyst/Pages/Introduction.aspx

4. https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/ovarian-cysts.html

Dietary Supplements Useful In Stressful Periods

Health is characterized by physical, mental and social wellness and does not only represent the absence of a disease or infirmity. Human nutrition is one of the fundamental pillars of its construction. Health is in direct correlation with food and diet.

Learning about an appropriate diet, brings with other good behavioral elements, a healthy lifestyle. Regarding the act of feeding is not only important what we eat but how and when we eat.

Food product is a more or less natural product which is able to ensure to the human the energy needed for the biological, intellectual and physical activities and the nutrients needed for the construction of cells and cellular changes. Quality of a food product lies in the source from which it originates and in the way of processing, industrial or home made. Foods that are on the market are natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic.

Stress

Human body is maintained healthier, if the diet is more balanced. A diversified diet, individualized (by way of life, sex, exercise, health), composed correctly, in terms of calories and with the optimum quantity of main substances (carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber), can be considered a balanced diet.

Following a poor diet, sooner or later, will appear a number of disorders that will interfere with the human health. Phenomena that are accompanying the diet imbalances are caused by the lack of varied and balanced diet or a harmful food behavior.

Diet is a method of feeding, prevention and treatment, based on the composition of menus that meet the general rules of a healthy diet and the features of the followed purpose.

One of the ways to achieve a physical balance are natural food supplements, which consumed properly, can provide the necessary nutrients needed for the body to have a strong immune system.

The immune system means the entire antibodies present in the living organism. Each of the antibodies have different responsibilities to protect the body from bacteria, viruses, fungi and other harmful substances. The control over the organism is done by two main groups of cells: suppressor cells and maintenance cells.

To activate antibodies, the body must have a sufficient amount of calcium and magnesium. It is therefore advisable to consume frequently cheese with herbs and drink orange juice mixed with berries. Daily movement will support immunity (minimum 30 minutes per day).

Signs of vitamin and mineral deficiency include fatigue, weakness, cramps, nervousness and insomnia.

Diet In Stress

Stress represents a adaptation syndrome which appear as a response to the environmental aggressions, is a assembly that includes pressure, coercion, force, strain and tension.

People who are subjected to continuous stress, become overwhelmed for long periods of tension, anger, fear and frustration, leading to installation of a strong chronic anxiety states. As a result of stress, the secretion of adrenaline will be increased, which will increase the blood pressure, the heart rate and respiration rate. A high respiratory rate will hyperoxigenate the blood, with the onset of hyperventilation. This may be the beginning of  panic attacks. Glycaemia  and blood levels of fatty acids are increased in stress and this combination will favor the atherosclerosis process which will lead to the development of coronary heart disease. Immune system functions are less efficient, so the body can no longer effectively fight pathogens and cancer cells. On the mental capacity is observed a reduction in memory and concentration. Sleep disturbances and depression occur, and will appear other mood disorders.

There are two categories of minerals – macro and micro minerals. For a good balance are required large amounts of macrominerals and smaller amounts of microminerals.

1. Calcium (macromineral) – strengthens the bones and the muscles;
2. Chromium (micromineral) – inhibits the appetite for sweets;
3. Iron (macromineral) – prevents anemia;
4. Magnesium (macr mineral) – reduces menstrual cramps;
5. Selenium (micromineral) – regulates the immune system and the thyroid activity;
6. Silicium (micromineral) – maintains hair, nails and skin;
7. Zinc (macromineral) – adjusts the immune system.
8. B vitamins – improves nervous system activity and the metabolism.

One of the most popular natural supplements is Spiruline platensis . Alga spiruline has the highest concentration of protein (60%) of all known plant or animal food products. Proteins from spiruline, however, are healthier than meat because this alga does not contain cholesterol. Spiruline contains more iron, antioxidants and vitamins like vitamin A and B12. Spiruline consumption is recommended to improve the welfare of the body for more vitality in stressful times and to help the immune system.

Spiruline Tablets

Another green alga called  chlorella is a food supplement. It contains almost all substances necessary for a healthy diet containing all essential amino acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, many vitamins and minerals. Chlorella is a plant with the highest content of chlorophyll and with a higher protein content than meat or soy. Chlorella can be used to detoxify the body as a natural antibiotic, which is effective against harmful bacteria that are found in the large intestine.

Aloe Vera is a cactus-like plant and this plant is also called “first aid plant” because it has multiple effects on the body. The most important component, aloe vera gel, is found in the leaves of Aloe Vera and helps body in the process of detoxification, normalize the digestive tract and immune system. Used externally, the plant is an antiseptic, disinfectant, anti-inflammatory and may even stimulate cell regeneration.

Aloe Vera Supplements

It is recommended to have a diet rich in fiber, protein and vitamins. Should be consumed with regularty, fresh vegetables, beans, seeds and fish. Soy products are also indicated for the content of phytoestrogens.

Have you ever thought to turn to pills to help you fight against those extra pounds? Did you know there are some supplements that have pass the scientific community tests and have proven to be very effective against excess weight?

There are three such supplements that have successfully passed rigorous conditions of scientific community and can be really useful when you want to lose weight. It is extremely important to note that the presented recommendations found in the article are general and they should always be related to the patient’s health, the number of pounds a person wants to lose and to other medical conditions . Precisely for these reasons, before you start on the road of self-treatment, you should seek the help of a nutritionist that can evaluate all factors involved retalted to your weight loss plan and will offer you effective custom solutions against those unwanted excess pounds.

Weight Loss

These three dietary supplements are:

 L-Carnitine

Its major role in our body is to regulate fat burning. L-carnitine is responsible for lipid transport to the furnace of our cells, which is represented by mitochondria. If fatty acids do not reach this “oven”, the fat will be oxidized. More precisely, if L-Carnitine is missing from your body, you can not lose weight no matter how little you eat or how much exercise you deposit. Our body produces on its own, small amounts of this substance but this production depends, in turn, by the presence of certain amino acids in the body such as lysine and methionine and vitamins B3, B6 and C.

Thus, any deficit of these amino acids may lead to a low production of L-carnitine and, as a conclusion, can slow the process of weight loss, even if you follow the food plan established and sweat in the gym one hour per day.

To make sure that your body lose weight without raising any objection of this nature, is recommended to eat five servings of lean meat (chicken or turkey) per week and two servings of defatted dairy products, like cottage cheese, yogurt or milk.

For those who, once they started losing weight and their plan to become vegetarians, unfortunately, these are not pleasant news.

Most fruits and vegetables do not contain L-carnitine. Therefore, if you want to lose weight or simply if you want to keep your body burning fat constantly and to have no risk to gain weight, then you should take two L-carnitine supplements each day, with the meals.

L-carnitine

Green tea

Green tea has the ability to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease and certain forms of cancer due to antioxidant-rich content .

Regarding weight loss, researchers have struggled for years to prove ability among strong green tea to fight obesity and lead to a decrease in body fat .

Although miraculous substances in the green tea like polyphenols and caffeine, are not increasing the metabolism so much that they can cause an immediate decrease in weight, but are able to improve the fat burning with more than 4%.

More specifically, 2-3 cups of green tea a day can help you eat more calories in that day without additional physical exercise.

Green Tea

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

U.S. researchers have discovered, after many long-term studies, a new “weapon” that has the capacity to fight on two fronts, that of fat and that of the muscle.

CLA has ownership to reduce fat mass and to increase muscle mass.

More specifically, CLA consumption is not only help you to lose weight faster, but is helpful to avoid or reduce the inconvenience caused by rheumatism, varicose veins or cellulite because it prevents fat storage introduced by the daily diet, but at the same time is accelerating the fat burning of the existing adipose tissue.

Moreover, as support that increase muscle mass, this fatty acid can help you to lose more weight every day, because muscles consume 3 times more calories each day than fat.

And for this combustion to take place, you do not have to make additional physical effort. It is only necessary to have sufficient muscle mass and the calories you eat will be consumed.

Fortunately, this effective tool against extra weight is not found only in capsules, but also in beef, turkey and the dairy products. Thus, a portion of turkey meat per day, 3 servings of beef a week and two servings of dairy a day, can become a reliable ally to achieve the desired weight.

If however you are not confident that you can eat the recommended quantities above, then you should take 4-5 CLA supplements every day.

Conjucated Linoleic Acid

A final aspect that should be noticed is that non of the supplements can replace a healthy diet and a active lifestyle. The three dietary supplements, which have received the stamp of approval from the scientific community, are unable to substitute a healthy portion of vegetables and a half hour easy walk through the park.

These diary supplements are a solution that can tilt the balance in the battle against extra pounds but do not forget that the main weapon that you have will always be nutrition and physical activity.

Infertility

Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive a child after 12 months of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. According to this definition 15% of couples of reproductive age are infertile. Another concept, fecundity, is expressing the chance to get a pregnancy to be completed with a child in a given menstrual period. The definition of infertility is rigid because it is related to a fixed period, of 12 months, but approximately 90% of couples conceive after one year of cohabitation, but there is a possibility of spontaneous conception in the coming years, although the rate decreases with each year of fecundity.

The emergence of life remains a miracle, while non-appearance of a successor for a couple represents a problem. Failure of conception creates a series of socio-emotional problems, feelings of guilt, worthlessness, social isolation, resulting in lower socio-professional performance and the emergence of tensions in the couple. Statistics show that 40% of infertile couples present a female etiologic factor, for the other 40% etiologic factors is masculine and for the remaining 20% is a combination of female and male factor.

Infertility

When the medical practitioner is facing with infertility, he has to address and investigate both partners. The evaluation of both partners wants to be “a golden rule” and nothing should be omitted. Management of  infertility often requires teamwork, which will not miss: the general practitioner, endocrinologist, gynecologist, urologist, internist and laboratory physician, all contributing in both the diagnosis and the treatment management.

Infertile couple’s evaluation should take into account all the links in the process of conception: ovulation, tubal transport of the egg, production and viability of sperm, the release of the sperm into vagina at the appropriate time, cervical mucus receptivity, fertilization and uterine receptivity for implantation.

Evaluation of male fertility:

Usually the first investigation in a male infertility is a semen analysis. Analysis is relatively simple, inexpensive, noninvasive and the result is obtained in a short time. It will indicate the male fertile capacity, expressed in sperm count, motility and morphology of sperm.

If these results are normal, these tests (which are many, complex and often laborious) will head to the couple’s female factor. If semen analysis is not normal, then will be done a series of tests designed to detect changes in sperm parameters. This require the consultation of urological and / or endocrinology specialist. It will be made hormonal dosage of: testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin), FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), prolactin, estradiol, thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones, etc. according to the recommendations of endocrinologist doctor. If there are establish changes, the endocrinology treatment will be adapted to the hormonal disorders which are found.

Normal Sperm Count

Low Sperm Count

If the hormonal tests are normal, then will be appealed to a complex urological consultation to rule out any congenital or acquired obstruction of  the ducts deferens, prostate damage (infection / inflammation), a possible varicocele or anatomical defects of the penis. If the urological consultation do not indicate any cause, then should be sought a number of other laboratory explorations such as immunological tests, postcoital test, determination of sperm antibodies and eventually a testicular biopsy.

Treatment of male infertility:

Male infertility treatment is aimed, primarily, to the etiologic agent, to the actual cause (if it can be put out), going along with partner treatment (if is required).

Good results have been cited in the following situations: nontesticulare endocrine disorders, varicocele, retrograde ejaculation, penile anatomical defects. In other situations were used in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination with sperm donor, intratubal gamete transfer or adoption.

Male Infertility

Assessment of female fertility:

In parallel with investigation of male infertility is necessary the testing of a possible female infertility, which can have many causes. The investigations can start with a simple test: measuring the endovaginal temperature, which may indicate the existence of ovulation. Hormonal determinations can be made in different periods of the menstrual cycle: dosage of estradiol, FSH, LH, progesterone, SHBG, prolactin, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones, etc., depending on medical advice of the endocrinologist and the gynecologist. In parallel can be done investigations which assess the tubal patency, physiological condition of the cervix and endometrium (the exclusion of endometriosis is important). Thus in many cases becomes important cervical examination, a vaginal cytology examination, genital ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, endometrial biopsy and laparoscopy. If after all these complex examinations can not determine the cause of female infertility, then will be made immunological determination, especially the dosage of sperm antibody.

Infertility Treatment

Treatment of female infertility:

In terms of female infertility, treatment may include both causal therapy and other measures: inducers of ovulation, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, etc..

The choice of appropriate therapy depends on a number of factors that meet the needs of infertile couples. These factors include the relative effectiveness of therapeutic means, the complexity and cost of different treatment options, woman’s age and personal and emotional choices. In addition, the therapy must be approached sequentially, should not be excluded the possibility of spontaneous conception and should be considered the cost-benefit-risk ratio.