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Home Authors Posts by Dr. Marie Gabrielle Laguna

Dr. Marie Gabrielle Laguna

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https://www.eternusglobal.com

1941

rheumatoid arthritis

IBS scientists at the Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), invented a hydrogel to fight rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. Published inAdvanced Materials, this jelly-like material could be used to absorb extra fluids in swelling joints and release drugs.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term disease that causes inflammation and deformity of the joints, and affects about 1% of the world population. In this autoimmune condition, the body’s immune system attacks the soft tissue of the joints, leading to an accumulation of synovial fluid, which is clear fluid that lubricates and nourishes the joints, but in excess causes swelling and pain.
Immune cells at the inflamed joints are the predominant source of nitric oxide (NO), a gas with various physiological functions. “Nitric oxide is like a double-edge sword. It regulates inflammation and protects our body by killing external pathogens. However, when in excess, it is toxic and may cause RA, as well as other autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer,” explains the group leader, KIM Won Jong. Current RA treatments are based on anti-inflammatory drugs that relieve pain and inflammation, but IBS scientists tried a more challenging approach by targeting NO itself.
The research team developed a gel responsive to such fugitive molecules, using acrylamide as a base material and a new crosslinker to keep it in place. Unlike the monomeric form, polymeric acrylamide hydrogel has little toxicity and can contain a large amount of water. In addition, the cross-linking agent (NOCCL) forms bridges between the acrylamide molecules creating a net, which can trap drug molecules inside. When NO cleaves the NOCCL bridges, the gel changes its structure, frees the drug and absorbs new liquid.
Although this is a preliminary study, the team confirmed that NOCCL crosslinking agent can selectively and sensitively react with NO.
The scientists are now working on a nano-sized hydrogel in a RA mouse model. Moreover, these type of hydrogels could be useful for other diseases characterized by overexpression of NO, or maybe even as environmental sensors, since NO is also a polluting gas emitted in vehicle exhaust.

1940

tai chiThe slow and gentle movements of Tai Chi hold promise as an alternative exercise option for patients who decline traditional cardiac rehabilitation, according to preliminary research inJournal of the American Heart Association, the Open Access Journal of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
After a heart attack, more than 60 percent of patients decline participation in cardiac rehabilitation. Although the reasons include financial concerns and distance to a rehab center, many patients stay away because they perceive physical exercise as unpleasant, painful or impossible given their current physical condition.
This is the first study suggesting that Tai Chi may improve exercise behaviors in this high-risk population.
“We thought that Tai Chi might be a good option for these people because they can start very slowly and simply and, as their confidence increases, the pace and movements can be modified to increase intensity,” said Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, M.D., Ph.D., lead author of the study and assistant professor of medicine at the Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University. “Tai Chi exercise can reach low-to-moderate intensity levels. The emphasis on breathing and relaxation can also help with stress reduction and psychological distress.”
Researchers adapted a Tai Chi routine for use in heart disease patients from a protocol previously used in patients with lung disease and heart failure. They compared the safety and compliance of two regimes: LITE, a shorter program with 24 classes over 12 weeks and PLUS, a longer program with 52 classes over 24 weeks. All participants received a DVD to use for home practice during and after receiving the classes.
The study was conducted at The Miriam Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island and included 29 physically inactive heart disease patients (8 women and 21 men, average age 67.9 years) who expressed an interest in a Tai Chi program. Although the majority had experienced a previous heart attack (58.6 percent) or procedure to open a blocked artery (PCI — 82.8 percent; CABG — 31 percent), all had declined cardiac rehabilitation and continued to have many high-risk characteristics, including current smoker (27.6 percent), diabetes (48.3 percent), high cholesterol (75.9 percent), and overweight (35 percent) or obese (45 percent). All had received physician clearance to undergo Tai Chi training and none had orthopedic problems such as recent joint replacement surgery that would preclude doing Tai Chi.

2049

broccoli
When mice ate broccoli with their regular diet, they were better able to tolerate digestive issues similar to symptoms of leaky gut and colitis than mice that were not placed on a broccoli-supplemented diet, according to Gary Perdew, the John T. and Paige S. Smith Professor in Agricultural Sciences, Penn State. Other vegetables, like brussels sprouts and cauliflower, may also have similar gut health properties.
According to Perdew, a receptor in the gut called Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, or AHR that helps the body regulate its reaction to certain environmental contaminants and triggers other responses to toxin exposure.
Published in theJournal of Functional Foods, the researchers suggest that cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts and cabbage, contain an organic chemical compound called indole glucosinolates, which breaks down into other compounds, including indolocarbazole (INZ) in the stomach.
When ICZ binds to and activates the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the intestinal lining, it aids in maintaining a healthy balance in the gut flora and immune surveillance, and enhances host barrier function. This may help prevent diseases caused by inflammation in the lining of the gut such as Crohn's and other various cancer diseases.
According to Perdew, hyper-activating the AHR can cause toxicity, but using broccoli to activate the receptor in the gut rather than systemically might help avoid some of these problems.
The researchers used two genetic lines of mice to focus on AHR. One line had a low ability to bind ICZ to AHR, while the other line had a high ability to bind ICZ to AHR. They added 15 percent broccoli to the diets of both groups of mice. After adding a substance that causes digestive problems, the researchers said that the mice with a higher ability to bind ICZ to the AHR were protected from a chemical that induced digestive problems, but the mice with the lower affinity suffered from the toxic insult.
People with certain digestive conditions, such as colitis, are often warned to avoid too much roughage in their diets, future research may include determining the best ways for people to consume these vegetables, to receive the same health benefits, without causing any other associated digestive problems from the fibrous vegetables.

2343

depressionResearchers found out that patients taking psilocybin to treat depression show reduced symptoms weeks after treatment following a ‘reset’ of their brain activity.

A study in which researchers from Imperial College London used psilocybin — the psychoactive compound that occurs naturally in magic mushrooms — to treat a small number of patients with depression in whom conventional treatment had failed.
Published in the journalScientific Reports, the researchers describe patient-reported benefits lasting up to five weeks after treatment, and believe the psychedelic compound may effectively reset the activity of key brain circuits known to play a role in depression.
Comparison of images of patients’ brains before and one day after they received the drug treatment revealed changes in brain activity associated with marked and lasting reductions in patients with depressive symptoms.
Dr Robin Carhart-Harris, Head of Psychedelic Research at Imperial, who led the study, said: “We have shown for the first time clear changes in brain activity in depressed people treated with psilocybin after failing to respond to conventional treatments.
“Several of our patients described feeling ‘reset’ after the treatment and often used computer analogies. For example, one said he felt like his brain had been ‘defragged’ like a computer hard drive, and another said he felt ‘rebooted’. Psilocybin may be giving these individuals the temporary ‘kick start’ they need to break out of their depressive states and these imaging results do tentatively support a ‘reset’ analogy. Similar brain effects to these have been seen with electroconvulsive therapy.”
In the recent Imperial trial, the first with psilocybin in depression, 20 patients with treatment-resistant form of the disorder were given two doses of psilocybin (10 mg and 25 mg), with 1 week interval.
Nineteen patients underwent initial brain imaging and a second scan one day after the high dose treatment. Carhart-Harris and team used two main brain imaging methods to measure changes in blood flow and the crosstalk between brain regions, with patients reporting their depressive symptoms through completing clinical questionnaires.
Immediately following treatment with psilocybin, patients reported a decrease in depressive symptoms — corresponding with anecdotal reports of an ‘after-glow’ effect characterised by improvements in mood and stress relief.
They also found increased stability in another brain network, previously linked to psilocybin’s immediate effects as well as to depression itself.

2226

cancerA nine-year joint research project conducted by VIB, KU Leuven and VUB has led to a crucial breakthrough in cancer research. Scientists have clarified how the Warburg effect, a phenomenon in which cancer cells rapidly break down sugars, stimulates tumor growth. The research has been published in the leading academic journalNature Communications.
This research started in 2008 led by Johan Thevelein (VIB-KU Leuven), Wim Versées (VIB-VUB) and Veerle Janssens (KU Leuven). The focus was the Warburg effect, or the observation that tumors convert significantly higher amounts of sugar into lactate compared to healthy tissues. As one of the most prominent features of cancer cells, this phenomenon has been extensively studied and even used to detect brain tumors.
Previous cancer research focused on mapping out metabolic peculiarities, this study clarifies the link between metabolic deviation and oncogenic potency in cancerous cells.
Prof. Johan Thevelein (VIB-KU Leuven): “Our research reveals how the hyperactive sugar consumption of cancerous cells leads to a vicious cycle of continued stimulation of cancer development and growth. Thus, the correlation between the strength of the Warburg effect and tumor aggressiveness is explained. Link between sugar and cancer has sweeping consequences. Our results provide a foundation for future research in this domain, which can now be performed with a much relevant focus.”
Yeast cell research was essential to the discovery, as these cells contain the same ‘Ras’ proteins commonly found in tumor cells, which can cause cancer in mutated form. Using yeast as a model organism, the research team examined the connection between Ras activity and the highly active sugar metabolism in yeast.
Researchers observed in yeast that sugar degradation is linked via the intermediate fructose 1,6-biophosphate to the activation of Ras proteins, which stimulate the multiplication of both yeast and cancer cells.
The main advantage of using yeast was not being affected by the additional regulatory mechanisms of mammalian cells, which conceal crucial underlying processes. Thus, the researchers were able to target this process in yeast cells and confirm its presence in mammalian cells. However, the findings are not sufficient to identify the primary cause of the Warburg effect. Further research is needed to find out whether this primary cause is also conserved in yeast cells.”

1800

breathingTwo-thirds of study participants say the techniques help them breathe when symptoms strike.

Vocal cord dysfunction, now also referred to as exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO), has been shown to improve for athletes after being trained to use the new techniques. The findings were published in the September 16, 2017 online issue of theJournal of Voice.
“These new breathing techniques could represent a breakthrough for athletes seeking help with breathing during training and competition,” said J. Tod Olin, MD, senior author of the study, developer of the novel breathing techniques and Associate Professor of medicine at National Jewish Health in Denver, CO.
EILO is characterized by involuntary and inappropriate closure of the upper airway during high-intensity exercise. EILO causes shortness-of-breath during exercise and reduced exercise performance, and can negatively affect an athlete’s ability to exercise and perform. It is diagnosed by observing the upper airway with a flexible camera inserted in the airway during an episode.
The new breathing techniques, now named the Olin Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Biphasic Inspiration Techniques (EILOBI), were developed and introduced by Dr. Olin, and are the subject of the research. Two-thirds of study subjects reported the techniques were effective in treating symptoms, while 79 percent confirmed they can be implemented during a variety of sporting activities. Additionally, 82 percent positively evaluated the teaching process. Nearly all of the subjects had received some form of respiratory retraining before learning one or more of the Olin EILOBI techniques.
“The use of real-time video data from a continuous laryngoscopy allowed us to design a series of three breathing techniques that help athletes open their obstructed airways during high-intensity exercise,” said Dr. Olin.
Breathing techniques described in the research focus on precisely and intentionally changing airflow during the inhalation part of breathing. The “tongue variant” involves breathing in evenly between the nose and mouth. The “tooth variant” requires patients to generate high inhaling resistance by forcibly taking air in through their teeth, then quickly opening their mouth allowing air to flow freely. The third variant is the “lip variant” in which air is initially inhaled through pursed lips and then the mouth is abruptly opened, dropping resistance and allowing air to rush through the mouth.

1855

bipolar disorderResearchers at McLean Hospital, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, have first to discover that computerized brain training result in improved cognitive skills in individuals with bipolar disorder.
In a paper published in the October 17, 2017, edition ofThe Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, the researchers suggest that brain exercises could be an effective non-pharmaceutical treatment for helping those with bipolar disorder function more effectively.
“Problems with memory, executive function, and processing speed are common symptoms of bipolar disorder, and have a direct and negative impact on an individual’s daily functioning and overall quality of life,” said lead investigator Eve Lewandowski, PhD, director of clinical programming for one of McLean’s schizophrenia and bipolar disorder programs and an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School. “Improving these cognitive dysfunctions is crucial to helping patients with bipolar disorder improve their ability to thrive in the community,” Lewandowski added.
Researchers tested the impact of brain exercises in the bipolar population. They randomly assigned patients with bipolar disorder, aged 18-50, to either an intervention or an active comparison (control) group. The intervention group used a special regimen of neuroplasticity-based exercises from Posit Science — maker of the BrainHQ online exercises and apps — a total of 70 hours for 24 weeks. The exercises started from basic cognitive processes to more complex functions. The control group was asked to spend an equivalent amount of time on computerized exercises that focused on quiz-style games, like identifying locations on maps or solving basic math problems.
As a result, the intervention group participants displayed significant improvements in their overall cognitive performance and in specific domains on cognitive speed, visual learning, and memory.
This type of non-pharmaceutical intervention can significantly improve cognition in patients with bipolar disorder. In addition, Lewandowski said, “The study indicates that affordable and easily accessible web-based interventions can be effective for a broad group of patients.”
Lewandowski noted that further research is needed to determine how the improvements in these cognitive skills impact work and leisure activities and daily functioning in patients with bipolar disorder.

1435

A sore throat can be very painful. The key symptom is pain and irritation in the throat, particularly when you swallow. A sore throat happens as part of your body’s immune react to viral or bacterial infections. Your natural immune reaction leads to irritation and swelling of the mucous membranes in the throat.

Here are 6 natural sore throat remedies:

  1. Marshmallow root

The marshmallow plant has been used to cure sore throats and other illnesses since the middle ages. Its root comprises a gelatin-like ingredient known as mucilage, which coats and loosens the throat when you swallow it.

Here is a recipe for a cold marshmallow root infusion to relax a sore throat:

Marshmallow root infusion

Ingredients:

  • Cold water.
  • 1 ounce (28 grams) dried marshmallow root.

Directions:

  1. Fill a 1-quart (1-liter) jar with cold water.
  2. Place the marshmallow root in cheesecloth and tie up in a bundle.
  3. Lower the bundle into the water just until it’s totally sunken in the water.
  4. Place the tied end of the bundle over the lip of the jar, place the lid on the jar and screw on the lid.
  5. Permeate overnight, or for at least eight hours, and then remove the bundle.
  6. Pour desired amount into a glass. Add sweetener of choice, if desired.

When this is ready, you can sip on it throughout the day to aid lessen your symptoms.

  1. Sage and echinacea

Sage originated in the Mediterranean and is now grown all over the world. It has been used to cure numerous inflammatory conditions, and controlled studies suggest it can aid relieve throat pain. Echinacea is another herb that is extensively used in traditional medicine. It has been shown to combat bacteria and decrease inflammation.

Follow this recipe to create your own sage-echinacea throat spray at home:

Sage-echinacea throat spray

Ingredients:

  • 1 teaspoon ground sage.
  • 1 teaspoon ground echinacea.
  • 1/2 cup water.

Directions:

  1. Boil water.
  2. Place sage and echinacea in a small jar and then fill with boiling water.
  3. Let steep for 30 minutes.
  4. Pour mixture through strainer and then combine with 1/2 cup hard liquor.
  5. Place in small spray bottle and spray into throat every two hours or as necessary.

 

  1. Apple cider vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is a natural health stimulant that’s been used in folk medicine remedies for centuries. Its main active ingredient, acetic acid, helps combat bacteria.

To help dismiss throat pain, drink 1 cup of warm water mixed with 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar. And you can add an optional tablespoon of honey.

 

  1. Salt water gargle

Gargling with salt water is a famous natural remedy to get rid of a sore throat. The salt helps diminish swelling by pulling water out of your throat tissue. It may also help combat annoying microbes in your throat.

Combine 1 cup of warm water with 1 teaspoon of salt and stir to liquefy. Gargle with a mouthful of this combination for 30 seconds, once per hour.

 

  1. Honey

Honey is a pleasant sweetener that is frequently used in mixture with other natural ingredients to relax a sore throat. In addition to helping combat infection and providing pain relief, honey can unquestionably make remedies taste well.

Honey may be particularly effective when mixed with warm water and apple cider vinegar or herbs.

However, it shouldn’t be given to children under the age of one. Also, people who avoid sugar or follow a low-carb diet may want to select another remedy.

 

  1. Licorice root

Licorice is a plant native to Europe and South Asia. Remarkably, it has been used in traditional medicine to cure several disorders. Licorice has properties comparable to aspirin that may help lessen sore throat pain.

Unluckily, there isn’t any research on its capacity to relieve illness-related sore throats. But, studies on persons who had just experienced major surgery found that licorice suggestively condensed throat pain due to breathing tube removal.

Licorice root tea can be bought at natural grocery stores or from online retailers. You can also create your own to drink or gargle. Mix ground licorice root with hot water, let it steep for five minutes, and then strain it prior to drinking.

Do you want to know more about treating sore throat? Chat with us now!

1867

Have you found yourself difficult in sleeping soundly due to constant stress? Everyone empirically knows that stressful dealings definitely affect a sound sleep. Scientists in the Japanese sleep institute found that the active element rich in sugarcane and other natural products may amend sleep stress and help you having a sound sleep. In this article we are going to share you how you can cure your sleep stress and achieve a sound sleep.

How to Cure Sleep Stress?

Today's world has an ever-changing setting, tough job works and socio-economic factors impose sleep deprivation in most of human population. Sleep deprivation brings remarkable amount of stress. And stress itself is one of the major factors responsible for sleep stress or difficulty in falling into sleep. Sadly, our current available sleeping pills does not address stress factor and often have severe side effects. Sleep stress is also connected with certain other diseases including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, depression, anxiety, mania deficits etc.

The research group headed by Mahesh K. Kaushik and Yoshihiro Urade of the International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, found that octacosanol decreases stress and repairs stress-affected sleep back to normal.

Octacosanol is richly present in numerous everyday foods. Examples of food that are rich with octacosanol include sugarcane, rice bran, wheat germ oil, bee wax etc. The crude extract is policosanol, where octacosanol is the main component. Policosanol and octacosanol have already been used in humans for countless other medical conditions.

In the current research, authors made progression and investigated the effect of octacosanol on sleep regulation. They tested it on slightly stressed mice by oral administration. Octacosanol condensed corticosterone level in blood plasma, which is a stress indicator. The octacosanol-administered mice also showed normal sleep, which was previously bothered due to sleep stress. The researchers therefore claim that the octacosanol alleviates stress in mice. Octacosanol also returns stress-affected sleep to normal in mice. The sleep brought by octacosanol was comparable to natural sleep and physiological in nature. However, researchers also proved that octacosanol does not affect sleep in normal animals. The results of the researchers clearly verified that octacosanol is an active compound that has potential to cure sleep stress. It is also proven that octacosanol increase sleep, and it could potentially be beneficial for the treatment of insomnia caused by stress. Octacosanol can be measured safe for human use as a treatment. It is safe because it is a food-based compound and believed to show no side effects.

Octacosanol/policosanol supplements are used by humans for purposes such as lipid metabolism, cholesterol lowering or to deliver strength. Yet, well-thought-out clinical studies need to be carried out to approve its effect on humans for its stress-mitigation and sleep-inducing potentials. “Future studies include the identification of target brain area of octacosanol, its BBB permeability, and the mechanism via which octacosanol lowers stress,” Kaushik says.

If you are constantly struggling with sleep stress, include food in your diet that is rich with octacosanol. You can also intake octacosanol/policosanol supplements to help you achieve a sound sleep.

Do you want to know more how to cure sleep stress? Chat with us now!

2068

New research suggests you might want to take extra care when eating late at night. It could cause skin damage and make your more vulnerable to sun damage.

Does late-night snacking cause skin damage?

According to researchers, mice that were fed during the day rather than at night experienced more skin damage. The skin damage is caused as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, compared with mice fed at normal times.

Study co-author Dr. Joseph S. Takahashi, of the Department of Neuroscience at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. And colleagues report that the irregular eating times changed the circadian rhythm in the skin of the mice. This occurs because of decreasing the daytime activity of a skin-protecting enzyme.

The results were recently published in the journal Cell Reports. Whether from the sun or tanning beds, UV rays harm the DNA in skin cells. Making UV contact a main risk factor for sunburn, skin aging, and skin cancer. UVB rays caused most harm to the outer skin layers, and they are the chief factors of sunburn and skin cancer.

Wearing sun-protective clothing and sunscreen are two of the best ways to avoid skin damage against effects of UV radiation. The new study from Dr. Takahashi and colleagues, however, advises that following to a normal eating pattern may also help.

Activity of skin-protecting enzyme altered

The researchers came to their conclusion by evaluating the effects of UVB contact on skin of two groups of mice. One group was fed during the daytime only, an irregular eating time for the nocturnal rodents. The other group was fed at nighttime only, the usual eating time for mice.

The team found that contact to UVB radiation during the daytime caused more skin damage in mice. Whose eating patterns were irregular, compared with mice that had regular eating patterns.

Further investigation showed that abnormal eating times generated changes in the circadian rhythm of the rodents’ skin.

Specifically, an enzyme called xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) became less active in the daytime and more active at nighttime. Mice that monitored their regular eating patterns, however, showed no change in XPA activity.

Additionally, the researchers discovered that different eating patterns in the rodents affected the expression of around 10 percent of their skin genes, though the effects of these gene expression changes are uncertain.

Further research is required to check whether eating times affect the circadian rhythm of skin in humans. The researchers say their results specify that our eating habits may influence our vulnerability to UV damage.

“If you have a normal eating schedule, then you will be better protected from UV during the daytime. If you have an abnormal eating schedule, this could cause a harmful shift in your skin clock. Says, Dr. Joseph S. Takahashi

“It’s hard to translate these findings to humans at this point.” Adds study co-author Dr. Bogi Andersen, of the University of California, Irvine. “But it’s fascinating to me that the skin would be sensitive to the timing of food intake.”

Do you want to know more how to prevent skin damage? Chat with us now!

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