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Autism Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Oct 4, 2014

6414

Autism in children

Autism takes different forms with their symptoms often overlapping one another. The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of different autism disorders that include Asperger's syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, childhood disintegrative disorder and Rett Syndrome. The classic autism affects the child's different areas of development, including verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, behavior and interests. Autism usually manifest as a delayed developmental milestone from birth while others may appear to be normal at their young age and they begin to show the lack of social interest to interact with others with the loss of language skills. Later in the child's life, autism begins to manifest when the child begins to show preoccupation and unusual behavior and thoughts.

Prevalence of autism

Autism is highly prevalent among the US population with about one out of 68 children having the disorder. The condition commonly affects boys than girls. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that the disorder affects all races, ethnic and socioeconomic group. Loss of language and impairment in communication ability is the major impairment of autism. The dominant symptoms however are the child's being preoccupied with certain things and becoming oblivious to his surroundings.

Understanding symptoms of different types of autism

Autism is usually difficult to recognize, especially during the infantile stage. Autism begins to occur during infancy and early childhood and parents only begin to notice the unusual behavior of their child, especially involving their inability to socially interact with others. Most of the symptoms of the ASD overlap with each other, but there are characteristic symptoms that can identify a specific ASD.

1.�� Asperger's Syndrome

Asperger's syndrome is the mildest form of ASD. Boys have threefold risks for developing the disorder than girls. The prevailing characteristic of Asperger's syndrome in children is the loss of social interaction and interest. The child will grow as a highly functional individual, but with a higher risk for anxiety and depression. Common symptoms of Asperger's syndrome include:

The child lacks empathy
The loss of social skills
Do not accommodate changes in routine
Usually engages in a one sided conversation. The child would talk about his favorite subject but loses interest in listening to others.
Do not maintain an eye contact
Manifests delayed motor development

2.�� Rett Syndrome

This type of autism affects girls more than boys and usually begin to manifest at the age of six to 18 months. The cause for Rett syndrome is genetic mutation than being a hereditary disorder. Affected children usually have a small head size owing to the delayed brain growth and development. Delayed growth in the other parts of the body begins to become prominent as the child begins to grow. Common symptoms include:

Abnormal hand movements
Breathing difficulty
Loss of social skills and language ability
Irritability
Scoliosis or abnormal curvature of the spine
Periodic muscle spasm or epilepsy
Constipation
Unusual eye movement

3.�� Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Also known as Heller's Syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder is the least common but the most severe form of autism. The child normally grows until the age of two or four where he begins to lose multiple functions in various areas of their development.

Social skills are lost
A seizure is common
Severe impairment with poor recovery chances
Long term auditory unresponsiveness
Abnormal language and communication skills
Hyperplexia

4.�� Pervasive Developmental Disorder

The symptoms of pervasive developmental disorder in children often vary and each child may present their own areas of disability. Among the common symptoms include the following:

Delayed age onset of disability
Repetitive behavior is less than shown in Asperger's syndrome
Impaired social skills and interaction ability
Confused about their environment
Shows lack of interest about others

Diagnosing Autism

The detection of autism is always dependent upon parents who have the better opportunity to observe their child's growth, development and behavior. Autism is usually diagnosed when parents take their child to a health professional to perform a clinical test after observing unusual behavior from their children. Early diagnosis of autism is empirical in order to provide the parents proper educational intervention to help them understand the unique needs of their child with autism. This also enables medical professionals to diagnose other existing medical conditions that may be present.

A single examination of the child with autism is not enough in making an accurate diagnosis. Doctors usually include on parent's testimonials regarding the child's development history. Taking into account the developmental patterns of the child is important in helping diagnose autism. The symptoms of the child are also important in helping diagnose the specific type of autism present. The diagnostic criteria used for autism is the DSM V. Health practitioners also have a checklist when carrying out a series of interview with the child and his parents.

Treatment for autism

Unfortunately, autism is incurable. Common treatments for autism are directed towards providing education and reducing the challenge of the disorder with the help of therapies that help children cope with their condition, reduce the disruptive behavior associated with autism and to prevent complications and delay disabilities. The treatment for autism is long term and a combination of therapies are preferred to be more effective.

Behavioral modification

Children with autism often manifest aggressive behavior. Behavioral therapy helps in controlling repetitive and inappropriate behavior in children by teaching them coping skills about their environment. The theory of applied behavioral analysis is introduced in order to reward good behavior and eliminate the inappropriate ones. The treatment involves the child's caregiver in order to promote efficient care for the child at home.

Play therapy is also used to modify behavioral changes and strengthen the child's emotional skills for socialization. It also enhances their learning capabilities and develops a child-adult interaction. Story telling is also provided to help the child develop their social interaction skills. Stories are used to help the child acknowledge feelings and ideas, making them more responsive to their environment and particular situations.

Dietary intervention

While diet has no direct association with autism, doctors believe that unbroken proteins from foods can initially affect the brain function and may stimulate irritable behavior from an autistic child. Dietary supplements high in vitamin B and magnesium can help improve the brain function that helps in improving the child's attention span and learning process. However, parents should always consult their doctor before giving any supplements to their child to ensure that this option is safe under their child's condition.

Communication therapy

Most children with autism have poor communication and language skills, making communication therapy as the most important part of the treatment spectrum given to autism. Speech therapy is given with the aim of helping the child develop the ability to communicate verbally. Successful communication therapy is able to assist children learn to develop their communication skills, reducing their frustration of not being able to express their feelings and ideas before.

Other forms of treatment

There are other forms of treatments given to autistic children and their indication depends upon the severity of the symptoms and needs of the child and his family. Parent-mediated therapy is provided to help parents focus on learning how to address the unique needs of their child and develop better coping skills. Pre-school based therapy, social skills learning and development intervention and physical therapy are also prescribed.

Brain Activities Study For Aggressive Behavior Intervention

Sep 30, 2014

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Aggressive behavior has become a fascinating area of study among psychologists and the focus of researchers are now taking towards studying the brain's activities to determine what is going on with it when an individual is watching violent movies. Aggressive behavior does not necessarily include physical violence and rage. It can come in different forms and some psychologists find it a natural way of adapting to one's environment with a defense mechanism on guard. Some may show an aggressive behavior whenever they feel threatened. According to experts, aggression is adaptive. So, what is going on in the brain when watching violent movies?

Brain activities and violent movies

In a recent study published in PLOS One, an investigative study on the brain's activities were conducted by Dr. Nelly Alia-Klein of the Neuroscience and Psychiatry department of the Friedman Brain Institute and Icahn School of Medicine. The aim of the study is to understand how the brain functions whenever someone watches a violent movie in an effort to understand aggressive behavior that can help define a better intervention to it.

The brain appears to show a different circuitry when it is exposed to violent movies and when it is not. These brain activities can affect the level of violence that an individual may manifest. The researchers are positive that these findings can have a major implication with developing the appropriate intervention programs in managing aggressive behavior, especially when it begins to manifest during childhood.

Apparently, the brain processes different images (violent and non-violent) that can affect the brain activities, making a difference between those activities of the brain of aggressive and non-aggressive individuals. The exposure to violent media has a correlative value in the development of aggressive behavior that can help in understanding the emergence of violent behavior.

The study of the brain activities

54 men participated in the study. They were grouped in two teams. One of the teams is composed of men with a history of violence such as physical assault, while the other team are those without violent history. They were asked to fill up a questionnaire and were asked to watch successive violent scenes. On day one, they were exposed to movies consisting of street fighting and shooting violence. On the second day, they watched non-violent scenes like interaction among people during a natural disaster and the last day is one without any traces of violence.

The participants' brains were scanned while watching the movies. The metabolic brain activities were measured. These are considered to be the markers of the functional activities of the brain. Among the other tests performed are the taking of the blood pressure of the participants every 15 minutes and asking them questions on how they feel with a 15-minute interval.

The researchers noted that the group of participants having the history of violent behavior has a different brain function map as compared to the other group with no known history of violence. It appears that their brain takes a different activity during mind wandering prior to their exposure to the movie. The group with the tendency for violent behavior have a very high brain activity during this time. When they began watching violent scenes from the movie, less brain activities were shown than the non-aggressive participants.

The brain region called the orbitofrontal cortex known to be responsible for self-control and emotional decision-making is more relaxed when exposed to violent images among the group with the history of aggression. The brain acts more comfortable about watching violent scenes and the participants of this group expressed the feeling of being inspired and they are less bothered with the disturbing scenes shown at day one than the emotional scene shown on day two. They also have a lower blood pressure level as compared to the other group while watching the violent movie.

Significance of the study

The researchers found the study to be helpful in understanding that every individual has a different way of responding to the environment. Aggression is a behavior that is influenced by the nervous activities that develop during the early childhood. They also concluded that the media has an influence in the development of aggressive behavior and educators should be able to identify children with the tendency towards aggression. Choosing the kind of media to which a child is exposed can help prevent the tendency of developing aggression later in adult life.

Most Cutting Edge Nutrition For Losing Fat While Building Muscle

Sep 28, 2014

4932

The best kinds of fitness diets do not only promote weight loss, but also help in building muscle. It is possible to build your body with toned muscles with proper nutrition. You can build muscle, burn fat, and help the body maintain weight loss by preventing excess fat storage. A highly nutritious diet is also important for providing the essential vitamins and minerals needed to keep the body healthy. Adhering to a few strict dietary principles and knowing which foods to load up or cut down on are the keys to building the best highly nutritious fat burning and muscle developing diet.

High protein

Protein is undoubtedly one of the most important requirements of a weight loss diet. High amounts of protein are necessary to build muscle and shed fat quickly. A high protein diet is essential for both weightlifters and bodybuilders. It is advised to take at least one gram of protein for each pound of one’s weight daily. This can amount to around 150 grams for women and 250 grams for men each day. Eggs are important sources of protein. Whole eggs contain 7 grams of protein each, while egg whites – a staple among athletes – are pure protein and have zero fat. Red meat, poultry, tuna, and salmon are also high in protein. Other recommended foods include nuts and seeds, green beans, tofu, and protein supplements such as whey protein isolate.

Low carb intake

Carbohydrates have gotten a bad reputation for being the culprit behind most weight gains. However, the body still needs carbohydrates as essential sources of energy and not getting any carbohydrates at all can cause the body to find unhealthy alternative sources. The key is properly moderating one's diet by choosing the right low-calorie foods rich in carbohydrates to eat. The daily recommended allowance of carbohydrates is 130 grams to keep it at a healthy minimum while both preventing weight gain and still supplying the fuel needed by the muscles. Fruits and vegetables are a very healthy source of carbohydrates, while healthy starches like potatoes are recommended at a moderate intake. Whole grains – whole-grain bread, whole-wheat pasta, oatmeal, and barley – help maintain low body fat and are rich in fiber.

Dietary fiber

Dietary fiber is known for its important role in eliminating fat and cleansing the body of wastes. Soluble fiber controls the levels of fat and cholesterol in the bloodstream. Insoluble fiber allows wastes and toxins to pass into the intestines and out of the body. Fiber facilitates muscle restoration by carrying away wastes that are produced by the repair and growth of new muscles. The daily recommended intake of fiber is around 25 grams for women and up to 40 grams for men.� Healthy foods rich in both kinds of fiber are fruits, vegetables, seeds, different kinds of legumes, and whole grains.

Avoiding sugar

Sugars are another notorious food group behind weight gain. Certain sugars, like glucose, are important for metabolism and are regularly used for cellular activities. Fructose, which is not naturally produced by the body, causes insulin resistance and the higher levels of insulin in the bloodstream builds up excessive fat stores. It also builds up resistance to the hormone leptin, which limits appetite and thus leads to unhindered eating habits. Sugar can also fool the body into thinking it has already acquired the energy it needs, making people skip out on the more nutrient-rich foods that are better fuels and do not increase body fat. As sugar can be very addictive, it is advised to slowly moderate intake of a few sweets only on certain days of the week to prevent binge eating periods. It is also recommended to consume the natural sugars of fruits and grains instead of artificial ones. Cutting down on sugar is a strict requirement for weight loss.

Low calorie consumption

While taking these factors on nutrients into account, it is still important to monitor calorie intake. Low caloric consumption translates to minimal fat gain, however, physically active people who are seeking to gain muscle will need to take in more calories. Thus, caloric intake should depend on how physically active a person may be. The average recommended consumption for simple weight loss is 1200 calories a day for women and 1800 calories for men. Any lower and the body might seek energy by preserving fat stores. For muscle building, the caloric surplus required is a daily 250 calories for men and 125 calories for women. Constructing a proper calorie plan should take exercise into account. To lose weight and gain muscle, calorie consumption must be limited to the recommended base levels and be supplemented with the required daily nutrient intake.

Liquids

Liquids are also essential for weight loss and muscle growth. At least one gallon of water each day assures the proper functioning of normal body processes. Proper hydration also keeps the muscles healthy and helps promote their development. Sports drinks are good ways to fuel the body, but are only advised during physical activity as the sugars present in the drink may only lead to weight gain. Protein shakes are a favorite among fitness advocates and athletes alike, and vary in content and recommended intake based on one’s body type. Coffee has been known to have mild suppressant effects on the appetite, but only sparingly as it can also lead to stress eating.

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The Sweet Killer: Diabetes Mellitus and its Different Types, Symptoms, and Treatments

Sep 27, 2014

5202

Worldwide, close to 380 million people have to live with diabetes mellitus each year. In 2013 it was estimated that the disease resulted in almost 5.1 million fatalities, making it one of the top causes of death. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), known more simply as diabetes, is a disease of the pancreas wherein an insulin deficiency leads to increased levels of sugar in the bloodstream. As of now, there is no definitive cure for diabetes. However, research has unearthed a lot of information about the disease. There are many different kinds of diabetes, each with its own respective causes, symptoms, and forms of treatment.

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes, also referred to as juvenile diabetes, results from an autoimmune response that leads to the destruction of insulin-producing cells. The symptoms of this type of diabetes include fatigue, impaired vision, drastic weight loss, incessant urination, and a largely increased appetite. Other symptoms include severe depression and a risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, which may lead to dehydration, vomiting, breathing problems, and even becoming comatose. Genetics plays a role in this disease, and research also suggests that viruses may be responsible for the autoimmune attack.� Type 1 DM is very prominent among children. Treatments for this disease include insulin therapy and monitoring of blood sugar. It is also recommended that the patient maintains a healthy diet and have regular physical exercise.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is most common in adults and accounts for around 90% of all the diabetes cases around the world. This type of diabetes is caused by insulin resistance, wherein the body is no longer able to effectively use the hormone. This eventually leads to high blood sugar levels. Its symptoms are similar to those of type 1 DM, including excessive thirst and urination. Serious complications of the disease may lead to cardiovascular disease and kidney failure. People with unhealthy lifestyles are at a higher risk of getting type 2 DM, especially those who are obese or prone to high blood pressure. Eating healthily and proper exercise are important for treating type 2 DM. Certain kinds of drugs – such as Byetta, Victoza, and Bydureon – have also been proven effective in controlling type 2 diabetes symptoms.

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes occurs among pregnant women as a result of the hormonal imbalance typical of pregnancy. Hormones in the placenta inhibit insulin receptors, leading to a need for more insulin and the subsequent rise in blood glucose levels. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed during pregnancy screening tests that discover high glucose levels in the bloodstream. It is commonly found among women with a family history of diabetes, as well as those who are overweight and have polycystic ovary syndrome. The possible complications that may be passed on to the baby include low blood sugar, jaundice, and a higher susceptibility to obesity. The prescribed treatment to protect both the mother and the baby include a high calorie diet, moderate to intense exercise, and regular insulin administration.

Double diabetes

Double diabetes, also known as hybrid diabetes, develops as a complication to type 1 DM. Patients with this type end up building insulin resistance against the type 1 insulin therapy and acquire symptoms of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is the most common cause among type 1 diabetics. The insulin leads to further weight gain, thus a healthy diet is required during therapy in order to stay healthy. The best preventative measure against double diabetes is adopting a healthy lifestyle that facilitates a good physical condition.

LADA

Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults occurs when an adult gets type 1 DM. The symptoms of this diabetes are the same as those of the other kinds of diabetes and progress much slower. It is another autoimmune response prompted by high blood sugar that results in antibodies attacking the pancreas. At the onset, blood sugar with LADA is controlled with exercise and diet. As the disease progresses, patients may have to take oral medication and insulin therapy.

MODY

Maturity onset diabetes of the young is different from other types of diabetes and is caused by a mutation in an autosomal dominant gene that affects insulin production. MODY is relatively rare, affecting only up to 2% of diabetes patients and is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or 2 DM because of similar symptoms. MODY is not connected to obesity and may occur among those in the average weight range. Complications of MODY depend on the gene mutation and can include low blood sugar at childhood, uterine abnormalities, and gout. MODY can be easily detected through genetic testing. Sulfonylurea is a prescribed medication for MODY, as are the typical insulin therapy injections. Some types of MODY are so mild they do not even need treatment and can simply be handled by living healthily.

Secondary diabetes

Secondary diabetes is caused by a previous or current medical condition that ends up affecting the body’s blood sugar. It may develop from illnesses that attack the pancreas, such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and glucagonoma. Cystic fibrosis affects the pancreas as well and leads to cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Most of these conditions lead to insulin resistance and a loss of insulin-producing capability in the pancreas. Secondary diabetes may also arise from taking different kinds of drugs that lead to these adverse effects. The treatment for this type depends on the original condition that gave rise to the diabetes. Insulin therapy and diabetes medication are applicable to most types of secondary diabetes.

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7 Secrets To Lose Belly Fat

Sep 26, 2014

6621

Belly fat is one of the most irritating and persistent obstacles to losing weight. Almost everyone has belly fat. Even the most physically fit people have small portions of fat in their stomachs. This type of fat is also known as visceral fat and is located deep within the stomach cavity, in between the organs and abdominal wall. It is different from subcutaneous fat, which is found right beneath the skin and is easily burned. All types of stomachs have belly fat deep within their cavities, and it is more difficult to burn them than the regular fat under the skin. Losing this fat requires taking extra care of the body. There are a few key techniques that can improve health and fitness to have that nasty belly fat gone in no time.

1.�� Eat more protein and fiber

Protein and fiber are the best nutrients to add to any diet to cut down on fat. Protein plays a key role in metabolism and activates the liver, which is one of the body’s main centers for fat burning. Fiber helps get rid of fat by absorbing the toxins found in fat stores. It also regulates the body’s blood sugar levels after each meal. Some foods that are both high in protein and fiber and low in fat are oatmeal, beans, whole-grain bread, quinoa, and fruits and vegetables.

2.�� Avoid eating too much sugar

Sugars are an essential part of any diet. Unfortunately, they can also lead to excessive weight gain. Sugar is also known to be very addictive, making it difficult for some people to stop eating it. When too much is consumed, the liver converts this extra sugar to fat and sends it into the bloodstream where it is stored in different parts of the body. It is not good to stop eating sugar completely, thus the key is to control consumption. Eating small servings a few days of the week will reduce the impact it has on body fat while providing the body with the energy it needs. It is also recommended to find sugary sweetness in fruits instead of artificial sweets.

3.�� Get enough sleep

Lacking the right amount of sleep each night can cause serious problems for metabolism. It disrupts the body’s natural hormone regulation, leading to a bigger appetite and inevitable weight gain. The body releases higher levels of ghrelin, a hormone found in the gastrointestinal tract. Ghrelin is a regulatory hormone that increases hunger. The less sleep acquired, the more ghrelin is found in the bloodstream. Sleep deprivation also increases insulin resistance, also leading to increased hunger and high blood sugar levels. Getting at least seven hours of sleep each night assures proper metabolic functions throughout the day and prevents over-eating. Proper sleep results in less chances of gaining excessive body fat.

4.�� Proper stress management

Stress has similar effects on hormone regulation as sleep deprivation. It releases several hormones into the bloodstream that increase appetite and eventually lead to higher body fat. Cortisol is a notorious stress hormone known for increasing blood sugar and leading to abnormal weight gain in the stomach. Stress leads to uncontrollable eating and unbalanced sleeping habits and is a regular culprit behind an unmitigated gain in flab. Common stress management techniques include practicing meditation or breathing exercises for immediate relief. Regular exercise can also help calm both the body and mind, especially relaxing practices such as yoga or tai chi. Time must be allotted for proper rest and relaxation to avoid overloading on too many stressful activities.

5.�� Eat good fats and keep away from bad ones

Not all types of fats will actually make the body bloat. Some dietary fats are essential for the body and can help promote better physical shape. There are two types of dietary fats – saturated and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats are the real offender behind weight gain. They clog up arteries and increase cholesterol levels in the bloodstream. Unsaturated fats, on the other hand, lower cholesterol levels and can reduce the risk of heart disease. Preventing weight gain from dietary fats involves staying away from too much butter, lard, dairy products, and fatty meat and poultry and eating more of the good fats – such as nuts, seeds, avocados, peanut butter, and olive oil.

6.�� Endurance fitness training

The perfect exercise to reduce belly fat is cardio. Cardio training is the best type of fitness training for losing weight. High intensity low weight repetitions are ideal for burning fat. Jogging, jumping rope, swimming, and aerobics training are all good forms of exercise that keep the body perspiring and burning for longer periods than other types of training. Cardio training for at least one and a half hours each week will result in a considerable decrease in belly fat in a few weeks.

7.�� Eating based on metabolic type

The same kinds of low-fat diets do not always work for everyone. People have different kinds of metabolisms that require different types of diets to prevent weight gain. Type A metabolisms burn fat easily and results in strong appetites. These diets call for a lot of meat and protein and less sugar. People with type B have weak appetites and often crave sweets. A healthy diet for them would consist mostly of carbs and low-protein meat. Type C metabolisms eat both sweet and salty foods and need equal amounts of protein, carbs, and fats in their diet.

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Breast Cancer and Why You Need To Keep The Good Ones

Sep 25, 2014

3979

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer has been one of the most common types of cancer present in women today. Some are lucky to have the cancer detected during the early stage while some have to go through the emotional turmoil of deciding whether to remove the breast cancerous tissues or opt for extensive chemotherapy. Modern women usually opt for double mastectomy hoping that the cancer will disappear. This should not be the case, and even doctors think that women with breast cancer should save whatever is left.

The survival rate with breast removal

There is no great evidence on the real cause of breast cancer. However, lifestyle and genetic predispositions are the common influencing factors for the development of breast cancer. Some do not have a history of breast cancer in their family, yet they still find themselves in the middle of a breast cancer battle. Regardless of its occurrence, a study reveals that saving the good breast has a better mortality rate than having a double mastectomy.

Women who have breast cancer usually go through the process of surgery and chemotherapy, for others, they go through radiation and other sources of killing the cancer cells. Still, these procedures cannot guarantee security to women, thus leading them to choose mastectomy. The procedure called the Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy (CPM) appears to offer a viable solution against breast cancer and it is viewed as a better option than a reconstructive surgery.

A study reveals that there is no concrete evidence that women who underwent CPM lived longer than those who decided to undergo the normal procedure of surgery, combined with chemotherapy or radiation. Based on a statistical record in California and taking the record to a 10 year rate of survival, women who opt for double mastectomy reached 81.2 %, whereas those who choose to undergo the normal procedure by way of surgery and chemotherapy reached 83.2 %. Women who chose to save one breast and opt for mastectomy on the other fairly made it to 79.9 % survival rate.

Even with studies proving that double mastectomy is not the answer to the elimination of breast cancer, more women still opt to undergo CPM, increasing its percentage occurrence by 14% a year. The alarming increase of the choice of CPM was based on JAMA's record in 1998 in which women who suffer from breast cancer stages 0-1 and chose CPM increased from 2 % to 12.3 %.

Is double mastectomy a good choice?

While this statistic alarmed researchers and doctors, patients still believe they have a better chance of living and prolonging their healthy lifestyle if they choose the CPM or the total removal of both breasts.

In a span of 13 years, women who had breast cancer under the age of 39 chose to undergo CPM. This increased the rate of CPM procedure from 3.6 % to 33 %. Double mastectomy is normally chosen by women with breast cancer for several reasons. First, they think they have a better chance of totally removing the cancer. They also believe that by undergoing CPM, they will reduce the risk of a relapse. Another thing women take into consideration is the plastic surgery that can be done after. They believe reconstructive surgery will be easier if they have a double mastectomy.

Women who are faced with breast cancer should know the importance of saving the good breast. Dr. Lisa Newman encourages other doctors to make sure they educate their patients regarding the advantage and disadvantages of going under double mastectomy. Newman wrote, women who discover they have breast cancer instantly want the most aggressive way to eliminate the breast cancer, not minding the consequences.�

The 2014 Breast Cancer Symposium Reveals Important Research For Breast Cancer Treatment

Sep 25, 2014

4760

The 2014 Breast Cancer Symposium held in California featured new research for breast cancer therapy and prevention. The symposium highlighted five key studies that disclosed essential information for breast cancer patients and have produced promising results.

The Angelina Jolie effect

Six months after actress Angelina Jolie announced she had a BRCA mutation, a recent study has revealed that testing for BRCA1/2 mutations has doubled at a cancer center in Canada. BRCA1 and BRCA 2 are caretaker genes found in breast cells that suppress the growth of tumors and repair DNA. Mutations in these genes are very rare, affecting only 5-10% of breast cancer cases. They greatly increase a woman’s risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers, and eventually become hereditary. The news of Jolie’s condition provided the necessary publicity needed to initiate a rapid increase in genetic testing and referrals. The “Angelina Jolie effect” has also encouraged many high-risk women to seek treatment.

Double mastectomies at higher risk for post-surgical complications

A study that evaluated over 18,000 breast cancer patients after surgery revealed that double mastectomies have a higher possibility of leading to complications than single mastectomies. Double mastectomies have a higher chance of needing blood transfusions and may lead to implant loss and a re-operation. They also require a longer hospital stay. Although the risks for both operations are generally low, it is still important for women to know about the potential danger of a double mastectomy. As much as 20,000-30,000 women a year choose to undergo a double mastectomy to treat their cancer. The results of this study now provide women with a clearer view of the risks presented to their bodies and can prevent any surgical complications from developing.

More returns for mammogram screenings

A personalized letter from a physician can improve return rates for women who are overdue for a mammography. In Canada, researchers selected 5,385 participants from the BC Screening Mammography Program that all had previous normal results and had not yet returned for a secondary screening. They sent postcard reminders to 2,689 of the women and reminders with personalized letters from the physicians to the other 2,696 women. The study showed that the women who received the postcards and letters were more likely to return for their second mammogram within six months.

Influencing the decision to undergo mastectomy

A study led by Katharine Yao of the NorthShore University Health System has shed some light on how women feel towards undergoing surgery for breast cancer. From a survey of 150 women who were newly diagnosed, 24% of the women who were considering a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy believed they had a higher risk than other patients and were also worried about getting other types of cancer. They had higher anxiety rates and were more likely to become depressed. These women also knew less about breast cancer and the surgery. This study highlights the need for cancer diagnosed women to be more knowledgeable about breast cancer and the types of treatment available. In addition, Yao added that the likelihood of getting contralateral breast cancer is very low and that breast cancer could return to the body regardless of whatever surgery patients choose.

Tumor subtype and neoadjuvant chemotherapy as predictors for recurrence

A study that analyzed loco-regional breast cancer recurrence showed that women who showed a pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had increased risk. The study also revealed that women with HR-negative and HER-2 positive tumor sub-types were 12-15% more likely to experience recurrence. These results are still observational and have not yet established a definite connection to loco-regional recurrence.

Different Types of Allergies and Their Treatment

Sep 24, 2014

5385

Allergies are difficult conditions to deal with. An allergy is an immune system disorder triggered by an external stimulus known as an allergen. The typical symptoms of allergies include skin irritations, a runny nose, and asthma attacks. Allergies vary in severity and in the worst cases, may lead to an anaphylactic shock that can be fatally a life and death condition.

Allergic reactions are a type of hypersensitivity, thus they vary in intensity based on the allergen and the body of the patient. These reactions are usually acquired and develop immediately once exposed to an allergen. Fortunately, allergies can be easily diagnosed and there are several available medications for its treatment. Research has revealed ample information about the different types, pathologies, and forms of treatment for many kinds of allergies.

Skin allergies

There are different types of skin allergies that are caused by different allergens and contributing factors. Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a very common condition characterized by red blotches and rashes all over the body. The skin begins leaking fluid, leaving it dry and prone to irritability.� Allergic contact dermatitis has similar symptoms and is brought on by having physical contact with an allergen, such as a poison ivy. Hives are another type of inflammation characterized by swelling caused by leaks in the blood vessels.

Angioedema is another similar swelling condition. Experts suggest that skin allergies may develop as a result of vulnerability to bacteria. This stems from a lack of exposure to bacteria while young that usually serves to build immunity against them. There are several ointments used to treat skin irritations. Patients are also advised to bathe constantly and regularly care for their skin. Corticosteroids are effective in suppressing symptom outbursts.

Food allergies

Food allergies are immune responses that occur when the body perceives digested food particles in the bloodstream as harmful. Any kinds of food can start an allergic reaction. Common food allergens are peanuts, shellfish, tree nuts, wheat and eggs, all of which account for 90% of all food allergies. It is also likely that other foods related to or in the same groups as these may also be allergens. Parents have a 75% chance of passing their food allergies on to their offspring.

The symptoms of food allergies include hives, angioedema of the face, nasal congestion, breathing difficulty, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fainting. Diagnoses are conducted via skin tests, blood tests, patch testing, and food challenges to test for symptoms when given a sample of the allergen. The simplest preventative measure against food allergies is to completely avoid allergens. Desensitization therapy may help people consume foods that are allergens without triggering a reaction. If an allergen is consumed and anaphylaxis occurs, a shot of epinephrine is used to counter the reaction.

Drug allergies

Drug allergies are triggered by medications and often do not occur immediately after the first exposure. Upon subsequent administrations of the drug, the body develops antibodies that prompt white blood cells to produce histamines that eventually trigger the allergic reaction. Common drug allergens are penicillin, tetracycline, codeine, phenytoin, carbamazepine, anticonvulsants, and insulin.

Reactions can also be triggered by dosage, constant exposure, and period of administration. Other risk factors include sex, age, and genetic predisposition to medication. The symptoms of drug allergy reactions are similar to those of other allergies, namely skin inflammation, shortness of breath, and a risk of anaphylaxis. The allergy is easily diagnosed through skin tests and putting the patient under observation for symptoms. The best way to avoid symptoms is to stop using the drug allergen. Desensitization is also useful, especially when the patient needs the drug as a treatment.

Pet allergies

Animals can cause allergic reactions in different ways. Their skin flakes, urine, saliva, and dander can all trigger an allergic reaction. Pet allergies, a form of allergic rhinitis, are very common among households with dogs, cats, and birds. The pet itself may also not necessarily cause the reaction, but its feces, fur, or feathers can be responsible for collecting and bringing in other allergens. Symptoms include sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and nasal congestion when near animals. While hives and asthma can be triggered, pets have not been known to cause as severe an allergic reaction as other types of allergens. A diagnosis can be made with a simple blood or skin test and management simply involves keeping away from pets that induce a reaction. It is advised to regularly clean a household with such a pet, to remove any allergens that have been shed. An allergy shot or immunotherapy is a proven effective form of treatment for long-term symptoms.

Insect sting allergies

One of the most common allergens is insect venom, with around 2 million people being allergic and 50 deaths attributable to the venom in the U.S. alone. Typical insects with allergen venoms are the wasp, bee, hornet, fire ant, and yellow jacket.� Cockroaches can also trigger allergies, though only by being near people and not actually biting them. Insect venom induces the usual allergy symptoms, including severe swelling and a hyped-up pulse. Diagnosis can be difficult, as many often mistake symptoms for normal reactions to insect bites. It is advisable for a patient to learn how to self-administer an epinephrine shot in case a severe reaction unexpectedly occurs. Venom immunotherapy or allergy shots are also available and are effective in dealing with symptoms and preventing any future reactions to insect bites. Patients are advised to exercise caution when outdoors and walking on grass barefoot or with skin exposed.

Dust allergies

Dust is another common and troublesome type of household allergen. Dust particles can contain several other types of allergens and triggers, such as pet dander, animal droppings, and mold. They may also contain dust mites that can cause skin irritation through their feces and the proteins on their bodies. Exposure to dust leads to common respiratory symptoms like asthma. Dust allergies can be diagnosed by an immunologist by asking about the patient’s environment and family history. Prevention involves avoiding dusty areas and maintaining a clean household. Immunotherapy and medications are also available.

Latex allergies

Some proteins in rubber latex can trigger an allergic response. When the skin comes into contact with latex, the body mistakes it for a harmful substance and induces the reaction. A reaction may also occur from inhaling latex particles in the air. Symptoms are similar to usual allergies and a diagnosis can also be made with a skin test or by consulting a doctor immediately when symptoms begin to occur. People at risk should stay away from latex-containing products, such as gloves, certain toys and clothes, motorcycle handgrips, and condoms. The most common occurrences of latex in everyday products call for patients to always have epinephrine kits on hand.

Hay fever

Hay fever is a very common form of allergy with typical symptoms and is another type of allergic rhinitis. It leads to a runny nose and irritation in the eyes known as allergic conjunctivitis. Hay fever is caused by allergens in the air, most notably pollen, as it commonly affects people in the spring. The reaction history of a patient is an important factor in the diagnosis. Hay fever is treated with a variety of medications, such as antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal spray.

Wake The Genius In You

Sep 23, 2014

3878

Many people look for subliminal messaging as a way to enhance their mental performance in different activities, such as in learning and memorization. Others rely on subliminal messages to alter behavioral patterns; many have been able to successfully quit smoking after several weeks of messaging therapy. Some people even claim that subliminal messages have helped cure their diseases. These messages have even found their way into television, as many commercials are using them to sway their viewers into wanting to buy their products.

Subliminal messaging faces much controversy and skepticism as to whether it is truly effective or not, and many scientists have attempted to refute its effects by labeling them simply as normal reactions to external stimuli. However, many people are still using it as an attempt to expand their mental horizons, and an innovative new software has been developed to help them do just that.

�MindZoom Technology

MindZoom Affirmations Subliminal Software aims to bridge the gap between the subconscious realm and waking consciousness using subliminal messaging. Created by a researcher and developer Dino Ruales of Self Improvement Technologies, the goal of MindZoom is to improve mental capacities, reinforce positive behavior, and subconsciously program the brain in any manner the user desires. The software consists of three main parts. The Affirmation Delivery Engine delivers thousands of images flashing rapidly across the computer screen so that the brain cannot help but internalize their message. The Silent Subliminal Message System uses audio as the influencing factor and translates inputted text into speech messages that are undetectable to the human ear but are received and processed by the brain. The third component, the MindZoom Subliminal Mixer allows users to mix in their own recorded messages with their choice of music to provide them with emotional support anytime they may need it.

Using the software to create personalized affirmations and input

MindZoom allows users to configure the software to deliver whatever affirmations that they desire, or even to create their own personalized messages and input. For configuration, the software contains several affirmation files – such as anxiety control, overcome fears, enjoying different experiences, helping diets, and controlling jealousy. The user can control where the affirmations appear on the computer screen, as well as their display times and the successive intervals in between. The font color and size can also be easily adjusted. Voice affirmations are processed through the Subliminal Voice recorder where users can input their text and choose how the messages are vocally synthesized. The Affirmation Editor also allows people to create their own affirmations and edit, save, or delete any of their files. The Subliminal Mixer can collect any music files and combine them with the subliminal message and an audio beat. Users are able to edit all three elements until they are satisfied with their mixed file.

User testimonials

User reviews for MindZoom are in and the overall reaction is very positive. Many are looking to MindZoom to boost their performance in work and studies and in improving their overall confidence levels. Receiving thousands of affirmations a day has helped many people overcome issues with depression and stress. It has helped motivate many to overcome financial issues and relationship troubles. Many people have even reported achieving considerable weight loss and being able to successfully stop smoking, drinking, and taking other vices. Users report having greatly improved memory, faster cognitive skills, better social skills, and greater creativity. Anxiety and panic attacks have completely stopped for many. People are finding it easier to simply feel happy and confident. The general consensus in MindZoom is overwhelmingly positive and many websites that have reviewed the software find it difficult to find any negative user comments.

Purchasing the product

MindZoom can be purchased online for a mere $47, which is a significantly small price as compared to paying for weeks of therapy. The Ruales’s software asks for an incredibly cheap price to pay for the life changing effects it has in store for users. Users can also opt to purchase the whole MindZoom software package. For $400, customers can get both the original MindZoom software and six bonus packages all with related content to subliminal messaging. The first package is an audio book that is an introduction to hypnosis, and the second is a series of subliminal audio programs. The other packages include books on mental life control, attaining successful financial status through positive thinking, and several hundreds of affirmations to encourage a healthy mental, physical, and emotional mindset. All these packages offer a one-time price in exchange for lifetime improvement.

The potential for a brighter future

The success of the MindZoom Affirmations Software opens up a world of possibilities for both the potential capabilities of software and of subliminal messaging. It has shown the effectiveness of using computer software to initiate behavioral and psychological conditioning in people. This presents the possibility of software being used to further connect to and influence people in increasingly positive ways. While the effects of MindZoom have left many users satisfied and happy, this still cannot be used as a scientific basis to prove that subliminal messaging works. Despite this, MindZoom presents a very persuasive argument and shows that factual or not, its effects are greatly beneficial to many people and to society in general. Using MindZoom, people have the opportunity to better themselves and raise their children and the rest of the younger generation to be smarter and better people.

Get the self help PC tool to start your subliminal messaging experience. Click here!

What You Should Know About Premature Ejaculation

Sep 23, 2014

7270

Premature ejaculation is normally a cause for embarrassment and frustration for both men and women during sexual intercourse. It occurs when a man experiences an orgasm and ejaculates semen before the penis can penetrate the vagina or shortly after doing so. The common consensus for the definition of “premature” in this context is usually within one minute of the beginning of sexual activity or the arousal stage.

Premature ejaculation can also end up occurring unexpectedly and at any time during intercourse, where the man is unable to control or delay his reaction. It is a very common type of sexual dysfunction that usually causes the sex lives of many couples to suffer, as the men end up feeling embarrassed and the women are often left irritated. Research has revealed information on the scientific mechanism behind premature ejaculation and may help men in dealing with this condition.

Causes of Premature Ejaculation

Many experts are still unclear as to what the exact cause of premature ejaculation is. It has long been thought to be a psychological phenomenon, but scientists have discovered several possible genetic links and physiological circumstances that could be connected to ejaculation. Aberrant levels of hormones and neurotransmitters may play a role in inducing higher sensitivity in the penis.

An infection or inflammation in the urethra could also have an effect, as can any nerve damage or previous physical trauma in the penis, scrotum, anal region, or the skin surrounding these parts. Studies have shown that many men who have premature ejaculation have had blood relatives that have suffered similarly. It is also theorized that drugs can cause ejaculation as a side-effect. Many scientists still agree that the leading causes behind PE are psychological, such as in having performance anxiety, issues with aggression, or unresolved emotional feelings toward sex.

Symptoms Premature Ejaculation

The immediate symptoms of premature ejaculation occur in two stages – first in emission, then expulsion. In the emission phase, the seminal fluids from the vas deferens and prostate gland are deposited in the posterior urethra. During expulsion, the urethra experiences muscular contractions and relaxes after the fluid is released. PE may be lifelong, which occurs for all sexual encounters, including the first, or acquired, wherein the male was previously able to engage in intercourse with no difficulties. More difficult cases of premature ejaculation involve ejaculation occurring even in masturbation.

PE leaves many men feeling depressed or ashamed, as they perceive it as a sign of failure for their manhood. Their female partners are also left sexually unsatisfied. The lack of vaginal penetration also presents difficulties for couples trying to get pregnant, while unexpected ejaculation may result in unwanted pregnancies.

Diagnosing Premature Ejaculation

Many males are too hesitant or embarrassed to open up about such intimate physical problems. Because there are no definitive physiological bases behind premature ejaculation, it is also difficult for physicians to distinguish between PE as a disorder or as a single bout of sexual problems. To make an effective diagnosis, the male has to be open with his physician about his health and sexual history. He may also have to talk his partner about their sexual matters. Doctors usually take the blood and urine samples to check for any infections. If coupled with erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation may be a sign of testosterone imbalance.

In cases that relate more to psychological matters, the doctor may prescribe the patient to seek out a therapist to handle his issues instead. In these situations, the physicians differentiate between global ejaculation, which occurs in all sexual contexts, and situational premature ejaculation, which only occurs in certain situations or with certain partners. Situational PE may be a sign of relational dispute between the man and his partner.

Recommended treatments and medications

Because premature ejaculation is perceived mostly as a psychological phenomenon, counseling and psychiatric therapy are the most common forms of treatment. The goal of the therapist is to get to the psychological or emotional root of the male’s problems that may be driving his PE. Alternatively, there are also several medications that have the biological effect of delaying climax. Putting off ejaculation is a side-effect of many antidepressants, such as Anafranil, Prozac, and Lustral. These drugs are only advisable if prescribed by a doctor, however, as they can have several other side-effects that are harmful and undesirable. Ointments and gels can dampen the penis and prevent any immediate sensations. “Long love” condoms are laced with these gels, though they have still been known to permit a few sensations. Constriction devices worn throughout the day near the head of the penis have been theorized to reduce sensitivity.

Physical techniques during sexual intercourse

There are a few techniques and practices men can use during sexual activity to delay ejaculation. Some try thinking of non-sexual thoughts to “turn off” their sex drive and avoid early excitement. The stop and start method during intercourse involves exciting the male until he nears orgasm, and then stopping stimulation for only 30 seconds before continuing again in cycles. Another similar technique involves the man’s partner gently squeezing the tip of his penis also for 30 seconds then continuing with stimulation before squeezing again. Couples are advised to regularly practice these methods to gradually condition the male to control his ejaculation. Many males are able to successfully delay ejaculation for up to an hour after months of practicing these techniques.

Learn more about finding an effective solution for premature ejaculation. Click Here!

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