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biki kal

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Tinnitus, symptoms and causes

Sep 20, 2014

4793

Tinnitus is a problem in which the patient hears noise or ringing in the ears. It's a common problem. However, it is not a condition itself, it's a symptom of another underlying condition. Such underlying conditions may include ear injury, age related hearing loss or a disorder of the circulatory system.

It's a very irritating condition but it is not very serious. Treatment can improve the condition.

Symptoms of Tinnitus

Tinnitus is annoying because you keep hearing a sound which is not present. The most important symptoms of the problem includes

� Ringing
� Buzzing
� Roaring
� Clicking
� Hissing

The noise that patients hear may be of different pitch. Some of they may hear a low roar and others may hear a high squeal. Sometimes they may hear sounds so loud that interferes with the ability to hear actual sound and concentrate.

There are two types of Tinnitus

Subjective tinnitus and objective tinnitus

Subjective tinnitus

This is the tinnitus that only you hear. It is the most common form. Problems in your inner, outer or middle ear may cause this type of tinnitus. Problems with the part of the brain that is capable of interpreting nerve signals as sound or with the hearing nerves may also result in subjective tinnitus.

Objective tinnitus

During an examination, your doctor can also hear this type of tinnitus. It is a rare type and it is caused by muscle contractions, blood vessel problem or problems with the inner ear bone.

Causes of tinnitus

There are several causes that may increase the intensity of tinnitus. However, in many cases of the problem, the exact cause is not known.

A very common cause of this problem is inner ear cell damage. There are some tiny delicate hairs present in your inner ear. Depending on the pressure of sound waves, they move. The movement works like a trigger, which activates ear cells and their release and electrical signals. The signal moves from your ear to the brain. The brain can interpret such signals as sound. If somehow the hairs present inside your inner ear or damaged, licking of electrical impulses may happen while transmitting the electrical signals to the brain. Such leakage cause tinnitus.

Some other ear problems may also cause tinnitus. They include injuries, conditions affecting nerves in the ear and the hearing centre present in the brain and some other health conditions.

Some of the most common causes of tinnitus

Age-related hearing loss

With age, people lose hearing power. This happens around the age of 60. Hearing loss may result in tinnitus.

Exposure to loud noise

Loud noises from heavy equipment's, firearms, and chainsaws may result in tinnitus. Portable music devices including iPods and MP3 players can also result in noise related hearing loss if they are used for a prolonged period of time. Long-term exposure to any loud sound may result in permanent hearing loss.

Earwax blockage

Earwax helps you by protecting your ear canal. It traps dirt and reduces growth of bacteria in the ear. If lots of earwax accumulate, it may become hard and may not be washed away in a natural way. Such a condition may result in hearing loss and eardrum irritation. It may lead to tinnitus.

Ear bone changes

Changes in the ear bone may also cause tinnitus. If the bones of your middle ear stiffen for some reason, it may hamper with your ability to hear and may result in tinnitus. Such a condition appear due to abnormal bone growth and it may be genetical.
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Exercise motivation area of brain discovered

Sep 17, 2014

3909

Scientists have found that there is an area in the brain that can control your motivation to exercise. The same area can also can control motivation to participate in other rewarding activities. This can be a truly important discovery since the knowledge can be used for improving treatments for depression.

Depression has two hallmarks- changes in physical activity and inability of the patient to enjoy pleasurable and rewarding experiences. If there is no motivation to exercise and to participate in rewarding activities, may soon lead to depression, if the person is already not suffering from it.

Researchers at Seattle Children’s Research Institute made the important discovery. They found that a specific part of the brain is responsible for controlling someone's motivation to exercise and participate in rewarding activities. The area of the brain in question is known as the dorsal medial habenula. This is a tiny region of the brain. It was found to control the desire to exercise in mice. The structure of habenula in mice is similar to that of humans and so the basic functions of motivation and mood regulation are likely to be similar.

Exercise is considered as one of the most effective and nonpharmacological therapies used for fighting depression. When the researchers know that a specific area of the brain is responsible for the motivation to exercise, they will be able to create more targeted and effective treatments to fight off depression.

Till now the brain pathways that controls motivation for exercise has not been understood well. With the new discovery, it'll be easier to manipulate activity in the specific region of brain without affecting any other part of the brain and its activities.

The study used mouse models. The mice were genetically engineered to ensure blockage of signals from the dorsal medial habenula. In general, a typical mouse like to run in its exercise wheel. However, the genetically engineered mice were lethargic and they did not run so much. These mice also did not like the sweetened drinking water like normal mice. When the mice do not have a functioning dorsal medial habenula, they become inactive and couch potatoes. Even though they can run physically, they are not motivated to do that.

Then the researchers activated the dorsal medial habenula of the mice using optogenetics, which is a laser technology. The mice who had their dorsal medial habenula activated, preferred to turn the wheel showing that the specific tiny region of the brain is related to rewarding behaviour.

Previously, traditional methods were not able to isolate that specific region of the brain and so could not determine the role of the important part of the brain. With the latest technology, scientists now have a better understanding of the works of different parts of the human brain.

The discovery will be a big help for the doctors who treat depression. The new knowledge will make a difference in the lives of people who are suffering from depression. It can be used for development of new treatments. People with mental illnesses will be treated with new ways and medicines that will help them to get over their problems.

As the area controlling motivation for exercise is now known, doctors will be able to advise more targeted options for people suffering from depression and people who are not interested in exercise to ensure they have the necessary exercise. Physical exercise is a very important element in life and it offers many benefits. It not only keeps you healthy but it also reduces risk of several other medical conditions. Treatments, medicines and other treatment options to motivate more people exercise will ensure healthy people and lower medical problems in the population.

Fat Burning Foods

Sep 17, 2014

6812

There are different foods that can help you in fat burning. It includes those foods that have a high thermogenic effect that helps you to burn calories.

Foods work for you and your body to keep you healthy and fit. There are some super foods which help in melting the extra fat stored in your body. To make things easier, you can keep introducing these foods slowly to your diet.

Whole grains

Whole foods help you to burn more fat by burning calories. You need more calories to break down such foods. Choose foods which are rich in fibre, including brown rice and oatmeal. They are better than the processed foods.

Dairy products with low fat

Daily products that have low fat will help you to burn more fat in your body. They are rich in calcium and vitamin D, which are necessary for building and maintaining muscle mass. It also helps in improving the metabolism and thereby burn more fat.

Lean meats

Protein is another element that has high thermogenic effect. When you eat lean meat, during digestion you want 30% of the calories present in the food. It helps you to burn calories and reduce calorie intake.

Hot peppers

Hot peppers help�you in cutting fat by heating up your body. When your body is heated up, it melts extra calories. You can eat raw, dried, powdered or cooked peppers. Capsaicin, the compound present in peppers is the main component that helps in cutting fat. You can add hot pepper sauce to the food you eat every day.

Lentils

besides offering your daily iron needs, it improves metabolism. This one cup of lentil can offer 35% of the daily Ireland needs. Iron is the metabolism rate of the body, which will help you to cut down the fat present in your body.

Green tea

Green tea is always known as a fat burner. Drinking green tea helps people to lose weight and cut fat. EGCG is a compound present in the brew which helps in increasing metabolism.

Tomato

Tomatoes help your body in the long-term by keeping it fit and healthy and help it avoid medical problems. In the short-term, tomatoes help you to lose weight and keep weight off. They provide low calorie and offer fibre and full filling, thereby reducing the amount of food you will intake. Lycopene present in tomatoes also offer antioxidants to the body which help in fighting different diseases and medical conditions.

Oranges

Oranges offer vitamins C and fibre to your body. It has low calorie counts, which means you get less calories when you eat oranges. Oranges also help you in regulating your blood glucose levels. If you eat oranges in moderation, it will help you to reduce fat. You can also use oranges to curb your sweet tooth by heating them whenever you feel like eating a candy bar or anything sweet.

Oats

Oats help you to burn your fat and reduce weight. It offers lots of fibre, which helps your metabolism. It also makes you feel fuller for a longer duration and thereby help you curb the urge to eat. Oatmeal is very essential when you are trying to cut fat and lose weight. It also offers different antioxidants and minerals. Besides reducing fat in the body, it will also reduce your cholesterol levels.

Apples

Apples are good for you when you want to burn more fat. By eating apples you can lose weight by losing the unwanted fat. Apple also help you to curb your sweet tooth by eliminating the urge to eat sweets, chocolates and candies.

Learn The Truth About Fat Burning Foods

Foods to protect and improve your eyesight

Sep 16, 2014

3934

Poor vision may be a side-effect of your lifestyle. If you keep your eyes nourished, even ageing may not cause much damage to your vision. Age-related macular degeneration and cataracts are the two major causes of blindness in elderly. Free radical damage is the main cause behind such problems and it can be prevented with the help of a diet rich in antioxidant.
Other lifestyle conditions such as diabetes and obesity may also negatively impact your eyesight and with changes to your lifestyle, it is possible to fight them. The food that you eat every day can help you in a big way to fight eyesight related problems and protect and improve your eyesight and help you to get a perfect 20 x 20 vision.

Black currant

Whole foods nourish your eyes and black currant is a very effective food in improving eyesight. Researchers have found that black currant is a very powerful food that can support your eye health. It contains the highest level of anthocyanins, which is far higher than other foods. It contains about 190 to 270 mg per 100 grams. Contains essential fatty acids, which are important for human health.

Anthocyanins are flavonoids and they offer several health benefits. These are antioxidants which help in curbing free radicals. You can eat black currant or use the seed oil. It is also available in capsule form.

Bilberries

Bilberry is a relative of the blueberry. It is another important food to be included in your diet because it is a nutritional powerhouse specially for eyes. It contains high amounts of anthocyanins which are useful in protecting and improving eye sight. It is specially useful in inhibiting and reversing macular degeneration, according to the research done by different researchers.

Kale and leafy greens

You need kale and other leafy greens to protect and improve your eyesight. Lutein and zeaxanthin are two important elements of eye health and they are found in high amount in the macula. They help protect the Central vision and also help in absorption of blue light.

Green leafy vegetables offer the adequate amount of lutein and zeaxanthin. Kale and spinach offer the highest amount of lutein. Some other fruits and vegetables that offer lutein and zeaxanthin are carrots, orange, squash, yellow fruits and vegetables etc. These two are carotenoids known as xanthophylls and because of them the vegetables get their yellow orange colour. If you add these vegetables and fruits in your diet every day, you won't have to worry about eye problems and your eyes will be fine even after many years.

While eating the visit tables, you need to add some oil or butter because lutein is an oil soluble nutrient. Without the oil, your body may not be able to absorb the lutein present in the vegetables. Adding the butter or oil will maximise the absorption.

Egg Yolks

Raw egg yolks offer lutein and zeaxanthin. In every egg yolk, you will find 0.25 mg of lutein and zeaxanthin. The xanthophylls present in egg yolk are highly absorbable and present in the ideal form. It is better to eat eggs of organically raised and pastured hens to avoid any possibility of foodborne illness, which is common in farmed eggs.

The eggs also offer a higher level of nutrients.

Wild caught Alaskan Salmon

Wild caught Alaskan Salmon offers two very important eye nutrients- omega-3 fats EPA and DHA. Without omega-3, your eyes cells won't be able to function correctly. However, you need wild caught Alaskan salmon because it's free of the mercury contamination which is very prevalent in the case of fishes.

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Selective cancer therapies using new enzyme

Sep 16, 2014

3052

The fight against cancer has another weapon. Very recently, scientists have made a discovery in basic and clinical research that will help in taking the fight ahead. Such discoveries in basic and clinical research and technological advances arming cancer fight with better weapons.

New and more selective therapies may be on the horizon. Chemistry Department of University of Alberta has developed a new compound that will be able to target a�specific enzyme that is associated with certain types of cancers. The researchers have already tasted the new compound in cells extracted from brain tumours.

This is a first of its kind inhibitor, which was synthesised by the research team. The compound can prevent the activity of neuraminidase, an enzyme. This is an enzyme which is used in many biological processes by the human cells.

Neuraminidases are present in huge amount in glioblastoma cells, which is one type of brain cancer. The new compound was tried on these cells. University of Milan also tasted the compound which works as an enzyme inhibitor. Glioblastoma cancer stem cells are present in a tumour and they drive the growth of cancer. The new compound was found to convert the cancer stem cells into normal cells. The compound also restricted the growth of cancer cells. These results are very important as they can show a new mechanism for therapeutics. It means the inhibitor of the enzyme may be used therapeutically. It also emphasises the role of future research on the compound.

The initial results can be considered as the�first proof of concept that shows that the selective compound can have a�real effect case of cancer cells of humans. Even though this is not a medicine, and approved by the authority, but it will help as a new target that will help researchers in finding a more effective and selective drug for cancer.

It may take some time to take the compound from proof of concept to the drug stage. Proving that it works is the first step in deciding the potential of the compound as a therapy. At the present form, the compound cannot be used in a similar fashion of a medicine. It will take lots of research to decide the right concentration of the compound and to get ahead of the blood drain barrier, which exists in the�human body, to reach the target cells.

The research is important because it helps the doctors and the researchers to understand how much carbohydrates are important to the cells for functioning. The present results will help in Glycobiology, which is the segment of biology that focuses on understanding the functions of complex carbohydrates in human cells. The carbohydrates resident on the cell surface decide the interaction with other cells so they are important in cancer and any other problems. By creating compounds that are capable of changing the structures of the carbohydrates, the interactions can be controlled. The carbohydrates present on cancer cells are different from the normal cells and so studies of the carbohydrates and their interactions are important. The recent results show that it is possible to selectively target specific enzymes.

However, it is very important to find out the right target because if the wrong enzyme is targeted, there may be harmful side effects on the human body. The research team which discovered the enzyme is already working on improving the compound they used for testing. They will develop and try new and existing inhibitors to find out the results they produce in different tests to be performed in the�future. That may take some time, but if they are successful, it will mean a lot for the cancer patients.

Gut bacteria can protect you from food allergies

Sep 15, 2014

3671

Clostridia, which is a common gut bacteria, can help you against food allergies. A recent study has found that this bacteria can protect you from food allergies by starting immune responses. With the immune responses, food allergens will not be able to enter your bloodstream and cause food allergies. Clostridia reduces exposure of the allergen and thereby prevent sensitisation, which is a very important step in food allergy development.

�

Food allergies have been an untreatable condition till now. However, the recent results from the study will help in development of probiotic therapies for the condition. So thinks the scientists of the University of Chicago, who performed the research on mice. The results were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Food allergy is a deadly immune response to specific foods. The actual cause of food allergy is not known. In the recent years, food allergy has increased about 50% among children. The causes of such food allergies may be various. Modern hygienic and dietary practices often imbalanced the bacterial population in the human body. Antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs also imbalance the necessary microbial population and as a result more cases of food allergies are reported. High-fat diets, or worries of antibiotic, caesarean birth may be some of the common causes of food allergies.

To find out how gut bacteria affect food allergies, the research team look into the results in mice in response to food allergens. Germ free mice, which were born and raised in sterile conditions and who did not have resident microorganisms and antibiotic treated mice were exposed to peanut allergens. The researchers found that such mice showed strong immunological response and produced higher levels of antibodies against the allergens in comparison to mice with normal gut bacteria.

When they added a mix of Clostridia bacteria into the mice, they regain the sensitisation to food allergens. When they reintroduced Bacteroides, another major group of bacteria present in the intestine, the mice did not regain sensitisation. It shows that Clostridia have a unique and protective role in case of food allergies.

For identification of the protective mechanism, the research team studied the bacteria for molecular and cellular immune responses in the gut. The results of their detailed study showed that Clostridia induced a signalling molecule for prevention of allergens into the bloodstream.

The bacteria protects you against food allergen sensitisation. For sensitisation of the food allergen, it has to get into your blood and present to the immune system. The bacteria can control the process.

Genetics greatly affects the possibility of development of food allergies and their appearance. However, the recent identification of the bacteria and the barrier protective response induced by it can open a new paradigm that may help in prevention of sensitisation to food. Clostridia is a common bacteria present in humans and many potential therapeutics will target the bacteria for prevention of food allergies. Further studies are necessary to find the test compositions that can be used in a probiotic therapy method.

This is an important discovery as it provides the knowledge which is the important bacteria in case of food allergies and what is the way to control the whole process. As the disease has no remedies till now, this can be a groundbreaking discovery, which will help in the development of drugs against food allergies. In that case, people won't have to worry about anything while taking a bite of food. The people and children affected by the life-threatening disease without any cure at present, soon may have a solution for their food allergy problems and that will be a great discovery to have.

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