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Dr. Marie Gabrielle Laguna

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Medical doctor-internist

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Your Own Fat Tissue Can Help Treat Your Joint Problems, Study Shows

Jul 4, 2017

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An individual's own fat tissue can help with joint disorders. Body fats now can help deal with bone joint conditions, including injuries and osteoarthritis — the sort of arthritis brought about by wear and tear in tissue between joints, which impacts 27 million people. A new device gently suctions, treats and uses a person’s own fats tissue to provide a good source of stem cells and various growth factors to bring about healing.

Orthopedic physicians at Rush University Medical Center are the primary sports treatment gurus within the Midwest to offer treatment using the device, called Lipogems, used at the time of arthroscopic surgical procedure. The FDA approved Lipogems for general use in November of 2016.

Who can use this technology?

According to Dr. Brian Cole, professor of orthopedic surgery and section head of the Rush Cartilage Restoration Center at Rush University Medical Center, The technology is ideal for patients with certain orthopedic conditions, such as painful joints — including the knee, ankle or shoulder — with limited range of motion. Additionally, it can be used in soft tissue defects located in tendons, ligaments, and/or muscles to improve the biologic environment.�

Cole added, Fat has long been used for support of tissue repair and replacement. Fat has the ability to be a source of important cells which produce important proteins involved with healing and reduction in inflammation.� The Lipogems approach liposuctions fat cells from the abdomen or thigh while the patient is sedated with a local anesthetic.

The Lipogem process rinses and cleans inflammatory oils and blood from the harvested fats and keeps the common and invaluable properties of the fats tissue, which is injected into the injured site. The entire method from harvesting to the injection is accomplished in lesser than 30 minutes.

The fat tissue tends to stay within the place where it’s injected instead of being immediately reabsorbed by the body, enabling the body to maximize the advantages of the injection for an extended interval of time. Following injection, the tissue promotes healing and symptom reduction as early as three weeks after treatment.

Lipogems medication is at times used when general healing choices like physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or steroid injections have not offered greater remedy. Cole remarked, It offers benefits for people who are unable to get surgery, would like an alternative to surgery, or it can be used in conjunction with their surgery�

In April, Cole grew to be the first physician in Chicago to make use of Lipogems in tandem with arthroscopic surgical procedure, which he carried out on a sufferer with knee arthritis. Cole says, While we were thoughtful about the timing of utilizing this technology to be sure there were no significant safety issues, we are anxious to now examine the efficacy of this novel treatment.�

He further added, We are excited to be offering this alternative to our patients and are conducting ongoing basic science and clinical research trials on patients with knee arthritis and other conditions to investigate the role of stem cells and growth factors that are present in the small blood vessels in fat.�

Air Pollution Can Lead to DNA Damage in Kids, Study Shows

Jul 3, 2017

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Children and teens who are exposed to excessive stages of traffic-related air pollution have proof of a particular type of DNA damage known as telomere shortening, reports a study in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

Kids and teenagers with bronchial asthma even have evidence of telomere shortening, according to the preliminary study by John R. Balmes, MD, of the University of California, Berkeley, and colleagues. They write, Our results suggest that telomere length may have potential for use as a biomarker of DNA damage due to environmental exposures and/or chronic inflammation.�

The study included 14 children and teenagers living in Fresno, California, the second most polluted city in the United States. The researchers assessed the connection between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), an “ubiquitous” air pollutant brought on by vehicle exhaust and shortening of telomeres, a sort of DNA damage most commonly related to aging.

How Air Pollution�Can Damage DNA?

Because exposure to PAHs has expanded, telomere length lowered in linear trend. Kids and teens with bronchial asthma were exposed to larger PAH levels than those without bronchial asthma. The connection between PAH level and telomere shortening remained significant after adjustment for asthma and different explanations (age, intercourse, and race/ethnicity) concerning telomere length.

The study adds to previous proof that air pollution can bring about oxidative stress, which will damage lipids, proteins, and DNA. The study has recommended that children could have unique telomere shortening than adults, which might make them more at risk of the detrimental effects of air pollution.

According to Dr. Balmes and coauthors, Greater knowledge of the impact of air pollution at the molecular level is necessary to design effective interventions and policies. With further research, telomeres could provide a new biomarker to reflect the cellular-level effects of exposure to air pollution. Telomeres might also provide new insights into the understanding how pollution exposure leads to adverse health outcomes.�

The findings of this study are consistent with evidence that has shown that the toxins and other poisons in polluted air may have an impact on the health of children. This study is considered as evidence that indeed toxins and pollutants that are present in air may have impact on the DNA of cells and can even lead to genetic mutations that are carried in years and generations.

For more articles on air pollution and respiratory system diseases, feel free to browse our other articles on this site.

Deep Sleep Can Stimulate Brain to Be More Efficient

Jun 30, 2017

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Recently, researchers of the University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich have validated the causal context of why deep sleep is critical to the efficiency of the human brain in learning. They have advanced a brand new, non-invasive technique for modulating deep sleep in humans in a targeted vicinity of the brain.

Most people recognise from their very own experience that only a single sleepless night can lead to trouble in focusing on mental activities the day after. Researchers expect that deep sleep is essential for maintaining the learning efficiency of the human brain in the long run. While we are wide awake, we continuously acquire impressions from our environment, whereby several connections between the nerve cells — known as synapses — are excited and intensified at times. The excitation of the synapses does not normalize again till we doze off. Without a recovery segment, many synapses remain maximally excited, this means that modifications in the body are not possible and learning efficiency is blocked.

The Connection between Deep Sleep and Learning

The connection between deep sleep and learning performance has long been acknowledged and established. Now, researchers on the University of Zurich (UZH) and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich have been capable of displaying a causal connection in the human brain for the first time.

Reto Huber, professor at the University Children’s Hospital Zurich and of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at UZH, and Nicole Wenderoth, professor in the Department of Health Sciences and Technology at the ETH Zurich, have succeeded in manipulating the deep sleep of subjects in focused regions. Huber commented, We have developed a method that lets us reduce the sleep depth in a certain part of the brain and therefore prove the causal connection between deep sleep and learning efficiency�.

Sleep Quality Was Not Impaired

In the experiment which was divided into two parts with six women and seven men, the test subjects had to master three distinctive motoric tasks. The concrete undertaking was to analyze diverse sequences of finger actions throughout the day. At night, the brain activity of the subjects all through sleep was monitored with the aid of EEG. While the subjects have been able to sleep without disturbance after the studying segment on the primary day, their sleep was manipulated in a centered way on the second day of the test � with the use of acoustic stimulation in the course of the deep sleep phase. To accomplish that, the researchers localized exactly that a part of the mind responsible for mastering the abovementioned finger movements, such as the control of motor skills (motor cortex). The subjects do not know this manipulation; to them, the sleep quality of both experimental stages was still the same day after day.

Disturbances in Deep Sleep Negatively Affects Learning Efficiency

In a second step, researchers tested how the manipulation of deep sleep affected the motoric learning tasks on the next day. Here, they determined how the learning and performance curves of the subjects modified over the direction of the test. As expected, the subjects have been especially able to analyze the motoric challenge well within the morning.

As the day went on, however, the rate of errors rose. After sleep, the learning performance extensively improved again. This becomes no longer the case after the night with the manipulated sleep phase. Here, clean overall performance losses and problems in learning the finger movements have been discovered. Learning performance was as weak as on the evening of the primary day of the test. Through the manipulation of the motor cortex, the excitability of the corresponding synapses was not reduced at some point of sleep. Nicole Wenderoth commented, In the strongly excited region of the brain, learning efficiency was saturated and could no longer be changed, which inhibited the learning of motor skills.�

In a controlled test with the equal assignment challenge, researchers manipulated another site of the brain all throughout sleep. In this situation, however, this manipulation had no impact on the mastering performance of the subjects.

The newly received knowledge is a critical step in researching human sleep. The goal of the scientists is to apply this know-how in medical research. According to Reto Huber, Using the new method, we hope to be able to manipulate those specific brain regions that are directly connected with the disease.�

Vitamin D Deficiency Can Be Brought About By Sunscreens

Jun 27, 2017

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Results from a study published within the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association explained that just about 1 billion people globally will have vitamin D Deficiency�because of long term diseases and insufficient sunlight exposure due to sunscreen use.

This review additionally observed that ninety five percent of African American adults may have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Vitamin D levels that vary amongst races are due to differences in skin pigmentation.

According to Kim Pfotenhauer, DO, assistant professor at Touro University and a researcher on this study, People are spending less time outside and, when they do go out, they’re typically wearing sunscreen, which essentially nullifies the body’s ability to produce vitamin D. While we want people to protect themselves against skin cancer, there are healthy, moderate levels of unprotected sun exposure that can be very helpful in boosting vitamin D.�

The author also stated that long term diseases like Type 2 Diabetes and those involving malabsorption, including kidney disease, Crohn’s and celiac disease largely inhibit the body’s capacity to metabolize vitamin D from food sources.

Vitamin D has long been considered more as a hormone and is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D receptors are present in almost all cells within the human body. For this reason, it performs a variety of functions such as cell growth, nerve and muscle functioning, immune resistance and reduction of inflammation.

Symptoms for inadequate or low vitamin D levels are muscle weakness and bone fractures. Men and women exhibiting these signs or who had chronic diseases known to decrease vitamin D, should have their levels checked and, if found to be low, be given therapy choices. Nevertheless, common screening is likely neither essential nor prudent absent symptoms or persistent illness.

How To Avoid Vitamin D Deficiency ?

Increasing and maintaining healthy vitamin D levels may also be as convenient as spending 5 to 30 minutes in sunlight twice per week. The right time depends upon the location and skin pigmentation. It is fundamental to forgo sunscreen in the course of these sessions in view that SPF 15 or higher decreases vitamin D3 production by 99 percent. According to Dr. Pfotenhauer, You don’t need to go sunbathing at the beach to get the benefits. A simple walk with arms and legs exposed is enough for most people.�

Sources like milk, breakfast cereals, and Portobello mushrooms are additionally fortified with vitamin D. Dr. Pfotenhauer said dietary supplements are a good option, as they’re rich and pose few dangers, as long as they are taken as directed and a health practitioner is consulted earlier.

Studies are ongoing to assess whether or not vitamin D deficiency has a role in multiple sclerosis, autoimmune problems, infections, respiratory ailments, cardiac problems, melanoma, and fracture risks.

Aspirin Use Can Lower Female Breast Cancer Risk

Jun 24, 2017

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A study from the City of Hope discovered that using low-dose aspirin (81mg) reduces the chance of having breast cancer in females who have been a part of the California’s Teacher’s Study. This study, which is the first to recommend that the decrease in risk occurs for low-dose aspirin, was proposed by City of Hope’s Leslie Bernstein, Ph.D., professor and director of the Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, and published online in the journal, Breast Cancer Research.

Bernstein and her colleagues noticed an overall 16 percentage decreased risk of breast cancer in females who used low-dose aspirin at a minimum of thrice per week. Such regular use of low-dose aspirin diminished the chance by 20 percent of estrogen or progesterone receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer, which is the most common breast cancer subtype.

Association Between Aspirin And�Female Breast Cancer

According to the lead author Christina A. Clarke, Ph.D., M.P.H., from the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, The study found an interesting protective association between low-dose aspirin and breast cancer. We did not by and large find associations with the other pain medications like ibuprofen and acetaminophen. We also did not find associations with regular aspirin since this type of medication is taken sporadically for headaches or other pain, and not daily for prevention of cardiovascular disease.�

This one differed from other studies which have checked out aspirin and cancer risk considering that it focuses on the dose levels of the aspirin that the females had taken and tracked the frequency of use of low-dose aspirin versus regular aspirin. It was also equipped to appear in detail at subtypes of breast cancer.

According to Bernstein, We already knew that aspirin is a weak aromatase inhibitor and we treat women with breast cancer with stronger aromatase inhibitors since they reduce the amount of estrogen postmenopausal women have circulating in their blood. We thought that if aspirin can inhibit aromatase, it ought to reduce the likelihood that breast cancer would develop and it could also be an effective way to improve breast cancer patients’ prognosis once they no longer take the more potent aromatase inhibitors. Aspirin also reduces inflammation, which may be another mechanism by which aspirin taken regularly can lower risk of breast cancer developing or recurring.�

The researchers analyzed information recorded in questionnaires submitted by 57,164 females within the California’s Teacher’s Study. In 2005, members answered questions related to past history of cancer and other conditions, use of aspirin and different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDS), menstrual and reproductive history, use of hormones, weight and height, dwelling atmosphere, diet, alcohol use and physical activity. Within the ensuing years earlier than 2013, 1,457 of these participants developed invasive breast cancer.

The group of researchers selected to focus on low-dose aspirin, for the reason that not only is it low cost and without problems but it may also be used as prevention, since there are already plenty of people already taking it for prevention of other illnesses such as heart disease and even colon cancer.

Novel Breathable Workout Suit Can Keep Athletes Cool

Jun 23, 2017

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Ventilating flaps lined with cells open and shut in a novel breathable workout suit according to how the athlete who wears it sweats.

MIT researchers have designed a breathable exercise suit with ventilating flaps that open and close in keeping up with an athlete’s body heat and sweat. These flaps, which vary from thumbnail- to finger-sized, are lined with live microbial cells that lessen in size and expand in response to alterations in humidity. The cells act as tiny sensors and actuators, driving the flaps to open when an athlete works up a sweat, and pulling them closed when the body has cooled off.

The researchers have also invented a shoe with an inside layer of equivalent cell-lined flaps to air out and drive away moisture. These designs are published in the journal Science Advances.

Using live cells

Why use live cells in responsive materials? The researchers say that moisture-sensitive cells require no additional elements to adapt to humidity. The microbial cells they have used are additionally validated to be risk-free to contact and even consume. Also, with new genetic engineering tools on hand today, cells can be prepared swiftly and in huge portions, to have a couple of functionalities in addition to moisture response.

To demonstrate this final factor, the researchers engineered moisture-sensitive cells to not just pull flaps open but also light up based on humid conditions.

According to Wen Wang, the paper’s lead author and a former research scientist in MIT’s Media Lab and Department of Chemical Engineering, We can combine our cells with genetic tools to introduce other functionalities into these living cells. We use fluorescence as an example, and this can let people know you are running in the dark. In the future we can combine odor-releasing functionalities through genetic engineering. So maybe after going to the gym, the shirt can release a nice-smelling odor.�

Wang’s co-authors are 14 researchers from MIT, focusing on fields including mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, biological engineering, and fashion design, as well as researchers from New Balance Athletics. Wang co-led the task, dubbed bioLogic, with former graduate student Lining Yao as a part of MIT’s Tangible Media crew, led by Hiroshi Ishii, the Jerome B. Wiesner Professor of Media Arts and Sciences.

In nature, biologists have determined that living matters and their components, from pine cone scales to microbial cells and even special proteins, can change their structures or volumes when there’s a change in humidity. The MIT staff hypothesized that typical shape-shifters corresponding to yeast, bacteria, and other microbial cells can be used as building blocks to construct moisture-responsive fabrics.

According to Wang, These cells are so strong that they can induce bending of the substrate they are coated on.�

The researchers first labored with probably the most usual nonpathogenic strain of E. coli, which was located to swell and decrease in size based on altering humidity. They further engineered the cells to express greenish fluorescent protein, enabling the cell to glow when it senses humid conditions.

They then used a cell-printing method they had beforehand developed to print E. coli onto sheets of hard, natural latex.

The research team printed parallel lines of E. coli cells onto sheets of latex, creating two-layered structures, and uncovered the fabric to changing moisture stipulations. When the material was placed on a scorching plate to dry, the cells started to shrink, causing the overlying latex layer to twist up. When the material was then uncovered to steam, the cells started out to glow and broaden, causing the latex flatten out. After undergoing 100 dry/moist cycles, Wang says the material experienced “no dramatic degradation” in both its cell layers and its total efficiency.

According to Yao, People may think heat and sweat are the same, but in fact, some areas like the lower spine produce lots of sweat but not much heat. We redesigned the garment using a fusion of heat and sweat maps to, for example, make flaps bigger where the body generates more heat.�

Brain SPECT Imaging Shows How Omega-3 Can Help Stop Alzheimer’s Disease

Jun 22, 2017

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Neuroimaging was able to show that there is increased blood flow in certain regions of the brain related to learning and memory among people with higher omega-3 levels.

The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is expected to rise within the coming years and no remedy has been found. Just lately, interest in dietary methods for the prevention of cognitive decline has multiplied. In precise, the omega-3 fatty acids have shown anti-amyloid, anti-tau and anti inflammatory properties in the brains of animals. In a new article released in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, researchers have found out that for patients with high omega-3 levels, blood flow in distinct areas of the brain is elevated.

According to George Perry, PhD, Dean and Professor of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, This study is a major advance in demonstrating the value of nutritional intervention for brain health by using the latest brain imaging�.

Single photon emission computed tomography, or SPECT, can measure blood perfusion in the brain. Graphics obtained from subjects performing more cognitive activities will show better blood flow in distinct brain areas. When these images had been compared to the Omega-3 Index, a measure of blood concentration of two omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), investigators discovered a statistically significant correlation between higher blood flow and increased Omega-3 Index. Moreover, they evaluated the neuropsychological activities of the volunteers and have found out that omega-3 levels additionally correlated with some psychological feelings by utilising a standardized test battery (WebNeuro).

This study used a random sample of 166 subjects from a psychiatric referral clinic for which Omega-3 Index results have been measured. The members were categorized into two groups of higher EPA+DHA concentrations (>50^th percentile) and lower concentrations.

Omega-3 index and brain perfusion�

The outcomes indicated statistically significant relationships between the Omega-3 index, regional perfusion on brain SPECT in areas that are responsible for memory, and neurocognitive testing.

In summary, the study showed optimistic relationships between omega-3 EPA+DHA popularity, brain perfusion, and cognition. Lead author Daniel G. Amen, MD, of the Amen Clinics Inc., Costa Mesa, CA, says, This is very important research because it shows a correlation between lower omega-3 fatty acid levels and reduced brain blood flow to regions important for learning, memory, depression and dementia.�

Co-author William S. Harris, PhD, University of South Dakota School of Medicine Vermillion, SD, lends this perspective, Although we have considerable evidence that omega-3 levels are associated with better cardiovascular health, the role of the ‘fish oil’ fatty acids in mental health and brain physiology is just beginning to be explored. This study opens the door to the possibility that relatively simple dietary changes could favorably impact cognitive function.�

MicroRNA Can Reduce Stroke Risk

Jun 17, 2017

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Probably the most customary reason for the narrowing of the carotid artery and thus the primary risk factor for strokes is atherosclerosis, where plaques build up on the vessel walls. If a plaque ruptures, blood clots can form that both can additionally occlude the site that’s already narrowed, or are carried away by the blood, which could lead to vascular occlusion at another part of the body. If this happens in the carotid artery, it might lead to a stroke. How simply a plaque ruptures will depend on how thick the tissue layer surrounding its core is. The thicker this so-called fibrous cap is, the more steady and for this reason the more the vessel deposit becomes harmless.

The researcher of this study, Mägdefessel, commented, New imaging procedures enable us to detect dangerous plaques with increasing precision; but the therapies currently available for removing these unstable plaques and thus preventing a stroke entail a certain amount of risk that the plaques will rupture during the procedure. This is why these therapies are not used on individuals with a narrowed carotid artery who have so far not experienced any symptoms.�

In an experimental method, microRNA-210 presents the opportunity to alleviate such damaging, unstable plaques. It stabilizes the fibrous cap in order that it will not rupture simply. The author added, Traditionally, physicians try to reduce the size of the deposits in the vessels in order to widen the narrowed sites. Yet for narrowed carotid arteries, the notion of stabilizing the plaques is becoming ever more prevalent. Unlike in the coronary vessels, in the carotid artery plaques rupturing is more dangerous than the narrowing.�

The researchers compared material from sufferers with stable and unstable deposits within the carotid artery. They principally focused on microRNAs. These molecules are involved in gene regulation in about 60 percent of mammals’ genes. They may be able to prevent gene information that has already been read from being translated into proteins, and have grow to be a focus of biomedical research as active substances and beginning facets for new cures in contemporary years.

Role Of MicroRNA

They discovered that microRNA-210 was decreased the most in the blood samples of sufferers with unstable plaques. These are blood samples that had been taken locally close to the vessel deposits. Further examinations showed that microRNA-210 is within the fibrous caps of plaques and that it inhibits the expression of the APC gene. As an outcome, fewer smooth muscle cells die in the fibrous cap and it becomes more stable. Moreover, the animal model would exhibit that fewer plaques rupture when microRNA-210 is being given.

The researchers are currently learning how microRNA-210 can also be utilized in the community. The risk of adverse effects in different organs is way too high if microRNA modulators are administered systemically.

The primary obstacle with microRNA-210 is that tumour cells which exist will multiply, given that the expression of APC is inhibited. This is considering that APC is a tumour suppressor gene which inhibits the development of tumours within the healthy body.

To hinder such off-target effects, the researchers are currently testing coated stents or balloons which are inserted instantly into the carotid artery in pigs.

Image Source: Blausen.com staff (2014). Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014

Blood Sugar Levels and Brain Cancer Are Related, Study Shows

Jun 16, 2017

2029

Diabetes raises risk for many cancers, but not the common malignant brain tumor. A new study further illuminates the shocking relationship between blood sugar levels and brain tumors and might to make clear how distinctive cancers advance.

At the same time that many cancers are more common amongst those with diabetes, cancerous brain tumors referred to as gliomas are less common amongst these with increased blood sugar and diabetes, a study from The Ohio State University has discovered.

The discovery is built on a previous Ohio State study displaying that high blood sugar appears to diminish an individual’s risk of a noncancerous brain tumor called meningioma. Each study has been led by Judith Schwartzbaum, an associate professor of epidemiology and a researcher in Ohio State’s Comprehensive Cancer Center. The new glioma study appears within the journal Scientific Reports. According to Schwartzbaum, Diabetes and elevated blood sugar levels increase the risk of cancer at several sites including the colon, breast and bladder. But in this case, these rare malignant brain tumors are more common among people who have normal levels of blood glucose than those with high blood sugar or diabetes. Our research raises questions that, when answered, will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in glioma development.�

How Blood Sugar Levels And Glioma Are Connected?

Glioma is among the most common forms of cancerous tumors originating within the brain. It starts within the cells that encompass nerve cells and help them perform. The disorder is usually diagnosed during middle age. At present, there’s no remedy that ensures lengthy-time survival, but a number of options are being studied.

The Scientific Reports paper contains data from two big long-term studies. One, called AMORIS, included 528,580 Swedes. The second, Me-Can, consisted of 269,365 Austrians and Swedes. All in all, 812 patients developed gliomas.

Schwartzbaum and the other researchers evaluated data on blood sugar and diabetes and its relationship to subsequent development of brain cancer and determined that those with elevated blood sugar and diabetes had a minimize risk of establishing glioma. She commented, This really prompts the question, ‘Why is the association between blood glucose levels and brain cancer the opposite of that for several other cancerous tumors?� They soon found out that this relationship is strongest during a year of cancer diagnosis.

Schwartzbaum added, This may suggest that the tumor itself affects blood glucose levels or that elevated blood sugar or diabetes may paradoxically be associated with a protective factor that reduces brain tumor risk. For example, insulin-like growth factor is associated with glioma recurrence and is found in lower levels in people with diabetes than those who don’t have the disease.�

Studies on restrictive diets and their effect on brain cancer has shown mixed results and more work is required to verify if there may be something concerning the sugar/tumor relationship that can be modified in a way that’s invaluable to brain cancer sufferers.

Caloric Restriction Can Extend Life

Jun 15, 2017

1403

A new study proposes an idea to explain how calorie restriction can prolong life across many species.

When the body does not have sufficient glucose for energy, it burns saved fat, leading to a build-up of molecules referred to as ketone bodies.

Investigators suspect that calorie restriction extends lifespan at least in part via growing levels of ketone our bodies. According to the authors of the IUBMB Life review, Many aging-induced changes, such as the incidence of malignancies in mice, the increases in blood glucose and insulin caused by insulin resistance, and muscular weakness have been shown to be decreased by the metabolism of ketone bodies, a normal metabolite produced from fatty acids by liver during periods of prolonged fasting or caloric restriction.�

What is Caloric Restriction?

Calorie restriction is a nutritional plan �that reduces calorie intake without incurring malnutrition or a decrease in essential vitamins. “Low” may be described relative to the person’s preceding consumption before deliberately proscribing energy, or relative to an average individual of comparable body type. In some of species, including yeast, fish, rodents and puppies, calorie restriction without malnutrition has been shown to slow the biological ageing process, ensuing in longer protection of health and growth in both median and maximum lifespan. However, the existence-extending impact of calorie restriction isn’t shown to be general.

In a 2017 collaborative report on rhesus monkeys by scientists of the United States National Institute on Aging and the University of Wisconsin, caloric restriction in the presence of adequate nutrition turned into powerful in delaying the consequences of ageing. Older age of onset, female gender, lower weight and fat mass, decreased food consumption, and decrease fasting blood glucose levels had been factors associated with fewer problems of growing old and with advanced survival.Specifically, reduced food intake proved useful in adult and older primates, but not in more youthful monkeys. The study indicated that caloric restriction provided fitness benefits with fewer age-associated disorders in elderly monkeys and, due to the fact rhesus monkeys are genetically similar to human beings, the advantages and mechanisms of caloric restriction may additionally relate to human fitness for the duration of getting older.

It has been recognized since the 1930s that lowering the number of calories fed to laboratory rodents increases their life spans. The life extension varies for each species, but on common there has been a 30�40% increase in life span in both mice and rats. In overdue maturity, acute CR in part or completely reverses age-associated changes of liver, brain and heart proteins, and mice on CR at 19 months of age display an increase in life span.

Calorie restriction preserves muscular tissues in nonhuman primates and rodents. Mechanisms include reduced muscle cellular apoptosis and inflammation; protection against age-related mitochondrial abnormalities; and preserved muscle stem cell characteristics.

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