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Dr. Marie Gabrielle Laguna

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Medical doctor-internist

https://www.eternusglobal.com

How Old We Look Is Because of Our Genes

Jul 9, 2016

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Have you ever wondered why some people age faster than other people?

A study has shown that this may be due to our genes. Researchers have recently located a gene that helps provide an explanation why some persons show up more youthful than others. The findings of this study were published in the

Cell Press journal Current Biology on April 28. This gene helps provide an explanation for why some folks show up younger than others.

This gene is well known for producing red hair and fair skin. Now, it appears that variation on this same gene is also concerning differences in how old people appear to different humans with their perceived age. People carrying targeted MC1R variants in their DNA seem, on typical, practically 2 years older than they are.

The gene, commonly known as MC1R, is already well recognized for producing red hair and light skin. Now, it appears that the variant on this equal gene can be related to variations in how elderly persons look physically to other people. This is their perceived age. Persons carrying specified MC1R variations of their DNA seem, on average, nearly 2 years older than they actually are. The researchers said, “For the first time, a gene has been discovered that explains in part why some individuals look older and others more youthful for their age�.

Earlier experiences had shown that an individual’s perceived age is influenced by a blend of genetic and environmental reasons in roughly equal elements. Interestingly, perceived age has also been proven to predict a person’s wellness and mortality, suggesting that the age we understand is primarily based on the looks of their face. Their appearance might even be related to an individual’s actual age and wellness status.

The Aging Genes

To additionally examine this fact, the authors searched the genomes of greater than 2,600 aged Dutch Europeans from the Rotterdam Study for DNA variants associated with variations in perceived facial age and wrinkling as estimated from digital facial pictures. The strongest hits for perceived facial age had been for DNA versions within the MC1R gene. This finding was tested in two different large European trials.

According to this research report, subjects carrying specified MC1R variations seemed nearly 2 years older for their age. The association between these DNA variations and perceived age wasn’t influenced by age, sex, color or skin, or photodamage.

Additional to its role in skin color, MC1R can also be identified to play roles in other processes in the body relating to inflammation and DNA harm repair. The researchers said that the gene’s impact on these strategies may probably lead to youthful looks.

While the researchers have also noted that this gene is just one of many factors that can affect perceived age, they plan to continue exploring the way it influences our looks and determine different genes that affect perceived age. Ultimately, the researchers believe that this line of work can offer predominant insights into our wellbeing and the nature of getting old itself. According to one of the researchers, We believe that utilising the perception of age is without doubt one of the best and most exciting approaches to measure how ‘good’ persons are getting older, which we hope will result in additional breakthroughs in aging and health study in the near future�.

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Vitamin A Can Keep the Heart Healthy, Study Shows

Jul 8, 2016

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Vitamin A is an Essential Nutrient

Vitamin A is regarded as an essential nutrient in many bodily procedures, such as in vision and skin health. However, recently, this vitamin has also been credited to be involved in maintaining good heart health. Vitamin A is said to be significant for heart development of embryos, so that deficiency of this vitamin in the course of being pregnant leads to heart abnormalities and prenatal death.

However, recently a new study published in American Journal of Physiology’s Heart and Circulatory Physiology has reported that the heart needs vitamin A to function effectively and that the quantity of Vitamin A in the diet affects outcomes. But, whether or not the results are worthwhile or are detrimental remains to be answered.

According to the lead author of this study, “While it is abundantly clear that we cannot live without vitamin A, it is intriguing that in certain circumstances, the mammalian body may manipulate vitamin A in ways that are not beneficial”.

We are already aware that vitamin A is derived from food and in this way is assimilated by the body. Inside the body, vitamin A is modified into retinaldehyde which is being utilized by the eyes for vision. It is also converted into retinoic acid which is utilized by other bodily processes. Retinoic acid creates these effects through activating proteins on cells known as retinoic acid receptors. Vitamin A is also converted into retinyl esters which can be saved in the liver for later use.

Vitamin A and The Heart

The researchers of this study investigated the role of vitamin A in heart health by examining whether the heart has retinoic acid receptors and what happens to it when the body is deficient in Vitamin A. They discovered that cells within the heart have retinoic acid receptor proteins, indicating that it can use vitamin A. To induce Vitamin A deficiency, the researchers fed vitamin A-deficient meals to genetically modified mice that are not able to store vitamin A in their livers.

According to the lead researcher, “These approaches are more physiologically relevant than others where animals were dosed with retinoic acid to see how this affects the heart…from an outside vantage point, we cannot precisely tailor the timing, amount or route for retinoic acid administration…by letting the animal’s system regulate the production and release of retinoic acid from available dietary sources of vitamin A, we can get a more accurate picture of how the body responds to vitamin A deficiency.”

In this study, it was further known that decreasing the stores of Vitamin A changed how it maintained itself. The hearts of the genetically modified mice were identical in measurement and form to ordinary mice however expressed extraordinary genes. Consuming a Vitamin A-deficient diet also changed the genes expressed.

The study found out that the genetically modified mice had more cells that might substitute damaged coronary heart cells and showed much less heart damage after an induced heart attack, even when they had been furnished with vitamin A in their diet.

There was a previous study in rats which have shown how the supply of vitamin A saved in the liver was forwarded to the heart after a heart attack and concluded that the damaged heart may have experienced benefits from the antioxidant properties of Vitamin A. The lead author further commented, “Our study suggests a surprising alternative outcome for vitamin A mobilization,” she says. Instead of being beneficial, the increased use of vitamin A after a heart attack “may actually impair the heart’s ability to generate new cells that could provide needed repair factors or cells that could prevent tissue damage.”

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Gut Bacteria May Predict Risk for Life Threatening Infections after Chemotherapy

Jul 6, 2016

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Gut Bacteria Can Predict Infections

New research done by researchers from the University of Minnesota and Nantes University Hospital in France suggests that the microorganisms in a cancer patient’s gut could predict his or her risk for acquiring life-threatening blood infections after high-dose chemotherapy. The findings were published in a peer-reviewed open access journal, Genome Medicine.

It is no secret that around 20,000 cancer sufferers receive high-dose chemotherapy each year to prepare for bone marrow or stem cell transplants. Usually about 20 to 40 percent develop blood-borne infections following chemotherapy. The sad thing is that about 15-30 percent of those sufferers die as a consequence of these infections.

Microorganisms often enter the bloodstream by way of intestinal erosions because of chemotherapy-caused irritation of the membrane lining the digestive tract. As soon as the infection starts, the sufferers’ immune systems are depleted and are frequently unable to combat off the infectious organism. Usually antibiotics do not work in these infections.

There are currently no right ways to know which patients will get a bloodstream infection. Antibiotic regimens often vary between doctors. In some clinics, sufferers are given antibiotics for the period of their chemotherapy to prevent infections. In other clinics, few sufferers are given preventative antibiotics due to the fact the antibiotics can lead to expanded antibiotic resistance in the sufferers.

Gut Bacteria Study

On this study, the researchers set out to understand how the beginning configuration of the intestinal bacteria before the sufferer starts treatment pertains to the risk of bloodstream infections. They collected stool samples from 28 patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma before the sufferers commenced chemotherapy. The researchers sequenced the bacterial DNA to measure the wellness of the bacterial ecosystem in each sufferer’s gut.

Eleven of the 28 patients had a bloodstream infection following their chemotherapy, however interestingly the researchers have found out that those sufferers may have unique mixtures of gut bacteria than the patients who did not get the infections.

Utilizing computational instruments, the researchers then created an algorithm that may learn which microorganisms are good and which one were unhealthy and then they were able to predict whether or not a new patient will get an infection by around 85 percent accuracy.

According to one of the researchers, “This method worked even better than we expected because we found a consistent difference between the gut bacteria in those who developed infections and those who did not….this method worked even higher than we anticipated when you consider that we located a consistent change between the intestine bacteria in people who developed infections and those who did not.”

He further added, “This research is an early demonstration that we may be able to use the bugs in our gut to predict infections and possibly develop new prognostic models in other diseases…This study is an early demonstration that we may be competent to make use of the bugs in our intestine to foretell infections and very likely strengthen new prognostic models in different illnesses.”

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Menopausal Bone Loss Can Be Prevented by Probiotics

Jul 4, 2016

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Bone loss is often a common problem during menopause.

The hormonal changes during menopause can bring about osteoporosis which can make a woman prone to bone loss and increased fractures. There were reports before which say that hormone deprivation is due to the effects of microbes and immune cells. A recent study by researchers from Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia State University has shown that probiotic supplements were able to protect female mice from the lack of bone density that happens after having their ovaries are removed. The results of this study were published in the April 2016 issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

In mice, removal of the ovaries induces the hormonal changes that arise with menopause in women. The findings endorse that probiotic microorganisms can have competencies as a low-cost therapy for osteoporosis after menopause. However, scientific proof is limited regarding probiotics having a long-lasting effect on the combination of bacteria in the body.

Osteoporosis and Probiotics

The immune system is recognized to be involved in post-menopausal osteoporosis, however the exact mechanism was not known. Emory and Georgia State researchers discovered that in mice, the lack of estrogen raises intestinal permeability, which allows for bacterial substances to activate immune cells within the gut. In turn, immune cells release indicators that destroy bone. Probiotics both tighten up the permeability of the gut and dampen inflammatory alerts that create effects in immune cells.

According to the researchers, “Our findings highlight the role that intestinal microbes play in modulating gut permeability and inflammation in the context of sex steroid depletion. We think there are direct implications for the treatment of osteoporosis that should be tested clinically.”

In this study, female mice were treated two times a week with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a form of microorganism in some yogurts, or with a commercially available mixture of eight strains of microorganism referred to as VSL#3.

One month after ovary removal, mice that were not handled with probiotic microorganisms had lost half of their bone density. However the bone density in probiotic-treated mice stayed the same.

The type of bacteria is important. This is because treating mice with a laboratory strain of E. Coli bacteria without probiotic characteristics did not help, and a mutant LGG microorganism with a defect in sticking to intestinal cells supplied a weakened protective effect. In mice that did not have their ovaries removed, probiotic healing simply led to an increase in bone density.

The scientists additionally validated the value of gut microorganisms in bone loss by observing mice that had been raised on germ-free conditions. In thiscase , surgical ovary removal is not viable so the team used the drug leuprolide, which reduces hormone production by ovaries. Germ-free mice handled with leuprolide had no reduction in bone density.

One of the authors remarked, “What this means is that the presence of some intestinal bacteria is required for sex steroid depletion-induced bone loss. We observed increased gut permeability following sex steroid depletion. As a result, it is likely that more particles from intestinal bacteria enter the gut tissue and activate immune cells that are known to cause bone loss.”

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Asthmatics Can Benefit More with Yoga

Jul 3, 2016

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What is Asthma?

Asthma is a long term reversible obstruction of the airways due to exposure to allergens in the environment and other triggers. The long term management of asthma is with the use of maintenance medications such as inhaled steroids and mast cell stabilizers, all of which have side effects. However, a new study has suggested that yoga may have benefits on symptoms and quality of life in men and women with bronchial asthma; however effects on lung function and medication use are not yet certain. This Cochrane review published in the Cochrane Library recently, means that yoga will have a important influence on symptoms and quality of life in individuals with bronchial asthma, but effects on lung function and remedy use are unsure.

Asthma is a common chronic disorder affecting about 300 million men and women globally. The many signs of bronchial asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath.

Yoga has received global reputation as a form of exercise with general lifestyles advantages, and many studies have investigated the advantage of yoga to relieve bronchial asthma-related issues.

Yoga and Asthma

This Cochrane review summarizes the outcomes of randomised trials and has found evidence that practising yoga may improve bronchial asthma signs and symptoms to some degree. Nevertheless, researchers additionally warned that studies with more subjects would be wanted to draw any conclusions about the benefits of yoga.

The team of Cochrane researchers wanted to discover the how yoga affects people with asthma.

They studied 15 randomised controlled trials which involved 1,048 participants. Many of these trials were conducted in India, followed by those from Europe and the U.S. The majority of participants had moderate to moderate asthma for six months to greater than 23 years. Six studies delved into the results of breathing for the duration of yoga exercise, while other reviews assessed the consequences of yoga that incorporated breathing, posture and meditation.

Most participants in this review endured to take their typical asthma medicine at the same time while taking part in yoga. The reviews have been performed over a time period of two weeks to over 4 years.

The researchers located some satisfactory evidence from 5 studies that showed the fact that yoga reduces the asthma symptoms. However, proof about yoga’s effects on the individuals’ lung performance is more uncertain due to diversified results. The effects of yoga on the use of asthma medicines any side-effects of yoga are also not certain, considering that just a few studies highlighted these results.

The lead author of this study commented, “Our findings suggest that yoga exercise may lead to small improvements in asthma quality of life and symptoms. However, it is unclear whether yoga has a consistent impact on lung function and we don’t yet know if yoga can reduce people’s medication usage, or if there are any side-effects of yoga for people with asthma.”

Another author remarked, “At present, we just don’t have enough high quality evidence to determine the effects of yoga as a type of exercise for helping people manage their asthma. Because there is uncertainty about the effects of yoga on lung function and use of asthma medication, it’s important that people with asthma continue to take their medication, as prescribed. The findings of this Cochrane Review will help people make more informed choices about their future treatment options.”

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Soy Has Antimicrobial Benefits for Food-borne Illnesses

Jul 2, 2016

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Every now and then we experience gut problems in the form of diarrhea and indigestion.

Sometimes these symptoms are due to food-borne illnesses. Bacterial infections affecting the gut may require the use of antibiotics and this may lessen our normal microbial flora and lead to more gut problems. This is why people are continuously seeking for new natural ways on how to treat these infections.

However there is good news. According to a latest study, Soy isoflavones and peptides may stop the growth of harmful microorganisms that may cause food-borne diseases. Soybean derivatives are already a mainstay in food merchandise, including cooking oils, cheeses, ice cream, margarine, meals spreads, canned foods and baked goods.

Using soy isoflavones and peptides to lessen microbial contamination would improve the food industry, which presently makes use of artificial additives to protect meals.

Soy and Foodborne Illnesses

University of Guelph researchers used microfluidics and high-throughput screening to run millions of checks in a brief period. They have found out that soy generally is an effective more antimicrobial agent than synthetic chemicals manufacturers are currently using. This study is published in the journal Biochemistry and Biophysics online edition.

According to one of the authors, “Heavy use of chemical antimicrobial agents has caused some strains of bacteria to become very resistant to them, rendering them ineffective for the most part. Soy peptides and isoflavones are biodegradable, environmentally friendly and non-toxic. The demand for new ways to combat microbes is huge, and our study suggests soy-based isoflavones and peptides could be part of the solution.”

The researchers have found out that soy peptides and isoflavones constrained growth of some bacteria, together with Listeria and Pseudomonas pathogens. The exciting thing is that peptides are a part of proteins, and can act as hormones, hormone producers or neurotransmitters. Isoflavones act as hormones and manage so much of the biological processes on the cellular level.

They remarked, “The really exciting thing about this study is that it shows promise in overcoming the issue of current antibiotics killing bacteria indiscriminately, whether they are pathogenic or beneficial. You need beneficial bacteria in your intestines to be able to properly process food.�

They added, “In addition, some people are worried about the potential for long-term illnesses resulting from the use of synthetic chemicals. The use of soy peptides and isoflavones could combat bacteria and reduce these concerns. The next step is for researchers to conduct large-scale tests. We’ve created a recipe for this to go ahead. This could be very beneficial to food processors, as well as the farmers who grow soy beans.”

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Lack of Sleep Can Lead to Atherosclerosis

Jul 1, 2016

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Do you often worry that you might not be getting the right amount of sleep your body needs?

You should be worried. A recent study done by researchers from the University of Helsinki has found out that sleep loss additionally influences cholesterol metabolism. Lack of sleep has previously been determined to affect the activation of the immune process, inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism and the hormones that regulate the urge for food.

Insomnia and Atherosclerosis

The study examined the effect of cumulative sleep deprivation on cholesterol metabolism in terms of both gene expression and blood lipoprotein phases. With today’s ways, a small amount of blood can yield information with regards to the activation of genes as well as the amounts of different metabolites. This means it is feasible to search for new regulating substances and metabolic pathways that affect bodily functions.

According to one of the researchers, “In this case, we examined what changes sleep loss caused to the functions of the body and which of these changes could be partially responsible for the elevated risk for illness.”

The study centred on the fact that the genes which participate in cholesterol transport are less active in people who lack sleep than with those getting adequate sleep. This fact has been studied in sleep laboratories and in population-based studies.

Whilst analysing the various metabolites, the researchers discovered that in the population studies, persons affected by sleep loss had fewer high-density HDL lipoproteins, mostly referred to as the good cholesterol transport proteins, than individuals who slept sufficiently.

Along with other risks, these results could help explain the greater hazard of cardiovascular disease observed in sleep-deprived persons and help appreciate the mechanisms via which lack of sleep raises this risk.

The results stress out the impact of good sleep on health. The researchers emphasise that health education will have to focus on the importance of good sleep to prevent more serious illnesses, as an adjunct to healthy food and exercise. Even a small reduction in diseases, and even postponing the onset of sickness, would lead to huge financial savings for society.

One of the researchers note, ”It is particularly interesting that these factors contributing to the onset of atherosclerosis, that is to say, inflammatory reactions and changes to cholesterol metabolism, were found both in the experimental study and in the epidemiological data”.

He further added, “The experimental study proved that just one week of insufficient sleep begins to change the body’s immune response and metabolism. Our next goal is to determine how minor the sleep deficiency can be while still causing such changes”.

The study employed data from three sources: the experimental SR study (N=21), the DILGOM (Dietary, Lifestyle and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome (N=518) study and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS, N=2,221) study. The experimental SR study is a test conducted in cooperation with the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health simulating a week with restrained sleep. The DILGOM (Dietary, Lifestyle and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome study focused on risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a study done in the Finnish population which followed the lifestyles and heart wellness of members from their childhood/formative years.

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Increase in Bone Mineral Density Expected With Plant-Derived Calcium Supplement

Jun 30, 2016

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Osteoporosis enables bones to be weak.

Osteoporosis enables bones to emerge as weak and brittle, so brittle that a fall and even moderate stresses like bending over or coughing can create a fracture. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine.

Bone is living tissue that’s continuously being damaged down and changed. Osteoporosis happens when the creation of new bone does not hold up with the elimination of old bone.

Osteoporosis impacts men and women of all races. However white and Asian females� specifically older females who are in menopause� are at highest danger. Medicinal drugs, healthful diet and weight-bearing stresses can aid bone loss or damage already vulnerable bones.

A quantity of reasons can increase the likelihood for osteoporosis including your age, race, culture choices, and medical conditions and therapies.

Calcium Supplement Evaluation

A recent report published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition (JACN) has examined the efficacy and safety of a nutritional based plant-sourced calcium supplement [AlgaeCal (AC)] in whomen who had taken the nutritional supplement from 1 to 7 years. The findings were published in JACN Issue 35(2) 2016, the official publication of the American College of Nutrition with the title, “A 7-Year Longitudinal Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of a Vitamin/Mineral Enhanced Plant-Sourced Calcium Supplement”.

Purchasers who had accomplished at least one dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) bone mineral density (BMD) scan and/or blood chemistry tests and purchased AlgaeCal (AC) from 1 to 7 years had been contacted and furnished complimentary repeat checks. Safety and efficacy have been examined via yearly changes in blood chemistry and alterations in BMD.

No untoward effects or safety concerns were observed in any of the subjects who completed the identical measurements. With reference to bone mineral density, there were regular and statistically significant increases within 7 years. Data from this study endorse that AlgaeCal (AC) supplement was related to a significant yearly and linear increase in BMD of 1.04% per yr and 7.3% over the 7-year period.

The outcomes has confirmed that no proof of cardiovascular risk was present by changes in blood lipids, nor was there any evidence of a diminished efficacy over the 7-year study period interval considering that positive factors in BMD were constant and linear over the 7-year interval, averaging 1.04% per 12 months over the 7-year period.

The results are additionally consistent with previous studies suggesting that the AlgaeCal (AC) food supplement can facilitate considerable raises in total body BMD not like studies suggesting that calcium dietary supplements can only gradual slow down age-related declines in BMD.

To know more about medical diagnosis and prevention methods, feel free to browse our other articles on this site.

The writer is not in any way connected with the companies manufacturing or marketing this supplement.

Sleep Problems May Be Caused By Fatty Food

Jun 29, 2016

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The Benefits of Sleep

When you think about your daily activities, you often think about working, spending time with family, eating out and enjoying leisure activities. Yet maybe you do not realize that you are also doing one activity that occupies one third of your time: sleeping. For many people, sleep is viewed as downtime that occurs when the body shuts itself off and rests. They may even think that cutting off sleep may be insignificant, as there are other more important things that they should do in their lives. However, studies have shown that adequate sleep can make a person healthy.

Even when you sleep, your body is still active. During sleep, the brain is still working hard to analyze thoughts, create memories and learn new things. This is why the body needs enough sleep. Without enough sleep, you cannot focus well and cannot respond quickly. You can also be prone to mood problems and irritability. Lack of sleep can also increase your chances of getting heart disease, diabetes, obesity and infections.

Men who regularly eat diets high in fats are more likely to be sleepy during the day, often experience sleep problems at night, and are more likely to suffer from sleep apnea, new research reveals.

High Fat Diet Creates Sleep Problems

Researchers from the University of Adelaide have found out that men who eat diets excessive in fat usually tend to be sleepy throughout the day, to have sleep issues at night, and are also more prone to have sleep apnea. This is the result of study Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study which was looking at how fatty diets and sleep are related. This study was performed by the University of Adelaide’s Population Research and Outcome Studies unit in the School of Medicine and the Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health.

The outcomes were based on data from more than 1800 Australian men who were aged 35 to 80, including their eating habits within one year. The results of this study were published in the journal Nutrients. One of the researchers remarked, “After adjusting for other demographic and lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases, we found that those who consumed the highest fat intake were more likely to experience excessive daytime sleepiness. This has significant implications for alertness and concentration, which would be of particular concern to workers. High fat intake was also strongly associated with sleep apnea

About 54% had moderate-to-moderate sleep apnea, and around 25% had average-to-severe sleep apnea, which used to be assessed through a sleep study among people who didn’t have an earlier diagnosis of sleep apnea. The researcher added, “Poor sleep and feeling sleepy during the day means you have less energy, but this in turn is known to increase people’s cravings for high-fat, high-carbohydrate foods, which is then associated with poor sleep outcomes. So the poor diet-and-sleep pattern can become a vicious cycle.”

She added further, “The simple message is a commonsense one, but we need more people to pay attention to it: we need to eat better; a good sleep the night before is best. We hope our work could help to inform future intervention studies, enabling people to achieve healthy weight loss while also improving their quality of sleep”. The researchers remarked that good sleep is mainly not considered in research investigating the results of varying diets on weight reduction.

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Smoking Carcinogens Are Detoxified by Watercress Extract

Jun 28, 2016

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Can Smoking Carcinogens be Detoxified Naturally?

Watercress extract taken more than one instance a day greatly inhibits the effects of a tobacco-derived carcinogen among cigarette smokers, researchers have demonstrated in a new study.

Watercress extract taken more than one times a day significantly inhibits the activation of a tobacco-derived carcinogen in cigarette smokers, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI) and UPMC Cancer Center have found out in this study which was presented recently at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting in New Orleans.

The trial also confirmed that the extract detoxifies environmental carcinogens and toxicants found in cigarette smoke, and that the effect is more desirable in folks who lack designated genes involved in processing cancer agents. This trial was supported via a grant from the countrywide National Cancer Institute (NCI).

Smoking Detoxification by Watercress Extract

According to one of the researchers, “Cigarette smokers are at far greater risk than the general public for developing lung cancer, and helping smokers quit should be our top cancer prevention priority in these people. But nicotine is very addictive, and quitting can take time and multiple relapses. Having a tolerable, nontoxic treatment, like watercress extract, that can protect smokers against cancer would be an incredibly valuable tool in our cancer-fighting arsenal.”

The said researchers enrolled eighty two cigarette smokers for the randomized medical trial. The subjects either took 10 milligrams of watercress extract mixed in 1 ml of olive oil 4 times a day for every week or took a placebo. All individuals then had a one week “wash-out” interval when they had no intake and then switched so that those getting the placebo now obtained the extract. All of them went on their usual smoking habits during the trial.

In one week, the watercress extract diminished activation of the carcinogen called nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone in people who smoke by an average of 7.7 percentage. It was able to increase detoxification of benzene by 24.6 percent and acrolein by 15.1 percent, but had no influence on crotonaldehyde. All these substances are observed in cigarette smoke.

Individuals who lacked two genes concerned a genetic pathway that helps the antioxidant glutathione dispose of carcinogens and toxicants from the body saw an excellent advantage in taking watercress extract, which multiplied their detoxification of benzene by 95.4 percent, acrolein by 32.7 percent and crotonaldehyde by 29.8 percent.

The researchers commented that a phase III clinical trial in people ought to be performed before the medication would be advocated for smokers, and they warned that while consuming cruciferous vegetables like watercress and broccoli is excellent for people, they are not going to have the identical outcomes like the extract is going to have.

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