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Dr. Marie Gabrielle Laguna

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Pregnancy May be Harder For Obese Couples, Study Shows

Mar 25, 2017

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Couples wherein partners are obese could take from 55 to 59 percent longer to have pregnancy, compared to their non-obese counterparts, according to a study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health. The findings of this study are published in the online copy of Human Reproduction.

According to Rajeshwari Sundaram, Ph.D., a senior investigator in the Division of Intramural Population Health Research at NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, plenty of studies on fertility and body composition have been enthusiastic about the female partner, but their findings underscore the value of both partners. Their results additionally point out that fertility experts may want to take into account couples’ body compositions when counselling these patients.

The couples in this study had been a part of the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) study, which examined the relationship between fertility and exposure to environmental chemical compounds. The study enrolled 501 couples from Michigan and Texas from 2005 to 2009. The women ranged from 18 to 44 years of age, and the guys were over 18 years of age. Women kept journals to file their menstrual cycles, intercourse and the outcome of pregnant tests. The couples were followed up until pregnancy or for as much as one year of trying to conceive.

Researchers additionally calculated body mass index (BMI) for each participant, categorizing couples with obesity into two subgroups: obese class I (with a BMI from 30 to 34.9) and essentially the most obese group, obese type II (a BMI of 35 or higher).

The researchers compared the normal time to acquire pregnancy among couples within the non- obese group (84 males and 228 females) to that of the couples in the obese classification II group (75 males and 69 females).

The researchers then calculated the probability that a pair would achieve pregnancy by using a statistical measure referred to as the fecundability odds ratio (FOR). The measure estimates couples’ probability of pregnancy each menstrual cycle while at the same time attempting for pregnancy, relative to their BMIs.

The researchers located that the class II couples took for much longer to attain pregnancy than couples not struggling with obesity. Couples in the non-overweight group had a FOR of 1. , obese classification II couples had a FOR of .45 — indicating that they took 55 percent longer to achieve pregnancy than their normal weight counterparts. When the researchers took into consideration other explanations identified to have an impact on fertility — akin to age, smoking status, physical activity and cholesterol levels — the ratio for obese class II couples dropped to .41, or a 59 percent longer time to get pregnant.

The authors noted that prior reports have centered largely on just the feminine partner’s BMI or self-reported height and weight. However, findings much like the current study have been done �among couples who are undergoing assisted reproduction. The current study centers on couples within the general population, not those taking medication for infertility.

Frailty of Older People May Be Due To Intake of More Medicines

Mar 24, 2017

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As we age, we tend to enhance a number of long term health conditions and concerns such as frailty. Ordinarily, managing health problems can mean that older adults may take many medicinal drugs. When older adults take five or more drugs (known as “polypharmacy”) this will possibly increase the risk for unsafe side effects.

Taking more than five medicinal drugs is linked to frailty, might be when you consider that the medications have interaction to influence our ability to function well as we age. Frailty is a quandary related to getting older. Anybody who is frail will also be vulnerable, have less endurance, and be much less competent to function well. Frailty increases the chance for falls, disability, and even death.

Recently, a group of researchers examined data from a large German study of older adults called ESTHER (Epidemiological Study on Chances for Prevention, Early Detection, and Optimized Therapy of Chronic Diseases at Old Age) to know how taking greater than 5 medicines would impact frailty in older adults. The study was published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

The researchers looked at data from about 2,000 participants in the ESTHER study, which started out in 2000 with close to 10,000 participants. Follow-ups with subjects have been carried out after 2, 5, 8 and 11 years. Individuals in the study are aged between 50- and 75-years when the study began.

After 8 eight years, the study physicians visited the subjects at home for a geriatric comparison. During the study, subjects were asked to bring the entire drugs they took — each prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) — to determine the types and quantity of medications these individuals were taking. The researchers then classified subjects into three groups:

1. People who took from 0 to 4 medicines (non-polypharmacy)

2. People who took 5 to 9 medicines (polypharmacy)

3. People who took 10 or more medicines (hyper-polypharmacy)

Two pharmacists personally reviewed all medicines taken and excluded medicines and dietary supplements that weren’t recognized to cause side effects.

After adjusting for differences in subject characteristics including diseases, the researchers learned that individuals who have been at risk for frailty, as well as individuals who had been frail, had been more likely to be within the polypharmacy or hyper-polypharmacy groups compared with persons who weren’t frail. Researchers additionally discovered that subjects who took between 5 to 9 medicines had been 1.5 times more likely to emerge as frail within 3 years when compared with people who took fewer than 5 medicines.

Persons who took more than 10 drugs had been twice as likely to end up frail within three years as individuals who took less than five.

The researchers concluded that reducing multiple avoidable prescriptions for older adults could be a promising approach for lessening the hazards for frailty.

If you’re an older adult, or if you are caring for any person who is older, it is primary to have an understanding that taking multiple medicines can cause interactions. The drug treatments can interact with each other and with the human body in harmful ways (by increasing negative side effects or reducing desired effects, for example). Therefore, the hazard for falls, delirium, and frailty additionally increases.

New Mechanism of Action for HIV/AIDS Treatment Discovered

Mar 23, 2017

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A research group at the University of Nebraska Medical Center has used a system they call LASER ART (long-acting slow effective release antiretroviral therapy) to become aware of a surprising pathway to open cell storage areas for HIV/AIDS treatment. The discovery could revolutionize present treatments for HIV/AIDS through extending the actions of disease-combating medicines.

The LASER ART study is important, because the invention would be broadly applied. The discovery makes it possible for conventional medicines, taken once or two times per day, to be modified into once a month dosing.

Such changes would ease the burden on patients and their caregivers. The injectable drug bypasses oral absorption and brings the drug to body sites where the virus continues to hide in tissues.

The study was published within the March issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, one of the world’s leading scientific journals reporting new, high-impact translational studies.

The group composed of 14 members was spearheaded by three members of the UNMC Department of Pharmacology/Experimental Neuroscience in the College of Medicine. The team also include researchers from the UNMC College of Pharmacy.

The authors commented that this study will likely have a robust global impact on HIV/AIDS health care. Getting patients to take medicine daily is complicated. To take medicines every month or even longer will make it simpler for sufferers to be compliant whilst aiding the delivery of the drug to tissues of the body that are not easily reached by conventional drug treatments.

The LASER ART developed by the UNMC scientists is a formulation of injectable drugs. The long-lasting medicine was developed by making pharmacological changes within the chemical structure of the drug, while at the same time protecting against infection.

The new drug formulation is not anti-HIV treatment, rather one that opens storage areas within cells where drugs can be maintained for a long period of time. This extends the intervals for dosing and enables physicians to administer the drug over an expanded interval of time.

Prior to this discovery, the authors said that only two medications had been modified in this fashion. Their use was restricted, since every injection would require several ounces of drug with greater volumes in each succeeding injection. This amount of drug given can possibly be cut in half with this new medication.

Dr. Gendelman said LASER ART allows drug crystals to come to destinations in tissues and blood and stay there. These drug crystals are blanketed against destruction (metabolism) in the liver and excretion in the kidney and urine.

To accomplish this, the scientists merged LASER ART with URMC-099, which alone has no antiviral outcomes. Co-administration with antiretroviral drug treatments presents greater viral suppression.

The scientists learned that a number of innovative tactics — slow drug dissolution, poor water-solubility and multiplied bioavailability — could deliver the medicine to the sites of active viral progress and accelerate clearance of the virus. På engelska kallas det för casino bonuses men det är precis samma sak som casinobonusar på svenska.

The researchers remarked that one drug can supply the opposite drug to sites inside the cells where the virus grows and whilst sequestering the drug crystals at sites protecting it from degradation. The drug inside the cell slowly dissolves from the crystal and is launched into the blood. For them, this can be a new solution to lengthen the actions of drugs. It is a way to fortify drug effectiveness and to permit sufferers to take drugs without interruption.

Novel Drug That Can Treat Alcoholism Discovered

Mar 22, 2017

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UCLA researchers have discovered that an anti-inflammatory drug especially used in Japan to deal with bronchial asthma would help folks overcome alcoholism.

Their study is the first to evaluate the drug, ibudilast, as a cure for alcoholism. Study participants were given either the drug (20 milligrams for 2 days and 50 milligrams for the following four) or a placebo for six consecutive days. After a two-week rest period, individuals that took the drug had been switched to a placebo for six days, and those who had been taking the placebo were given ibudilast. The researchers found that the subjects’ cravings for alcohol were reduced when they were taking the treatment.

Furthermore, the contributors’ reactions had been measured after they have been requested to hold and smell a glass of their preferred alcoholic beverage however not allowed to drink it. The individuals reported being in a better mood when they were taking ibudilast than after they had been on the placebo.

The study evaluated 17 men and 7 women who, previous to the study, reported consuming alcohol at an average of 21 days monthly and ingesting seven alcoholic drinks per day. On the sixth day of every phase of study, individuals acquired an intravenous dose of alcohol, an equivalent of about 4 drinks, to see how the treatment interacts with alcohol and whether or not it can be safely administered when humans are consuming.

The authors found that ibudilast is safe and well-tolerated. This treatment can also be safely administered, even when people are consuming alcohol. Side effects from the drug, which include nausea and abdominal pain, were moderate, and not one of the subjects dropped out of the study. The study was published online in Neuropsychopharmacology.

Researchers also evaluated the drug’s efficacy by seeing how well and how fast participants could get better from a stressful crisis. When study started out, the researchers asked individuals to describe sources of stress of their lives. On the fifth day of each phase of the study– when the individuals have been taking ibudilast and again when they were taking the placebo — researchers discussed those occasions with the subjects. The subjects’ moods improved more quickly after listening to their own stressful circumstances after they have been taking ibudilast than when they took the placebo.

The treatment gave the impression that it could chiefly help those within the study who had depressive symptoms, which are common in heavy drinkers of alcohol. The drug seems to cut back the pleasing results of alcohol.

Long term alcohol consumption elevates brain inflammation in animals, and prior studies showed that ibudilast was once effective in reducing rats’ alcohol consumption. Nevertheless it wasn’t a foregone conclusion that it might even be effective in humans.

For one thing, other medicinal drugs that have proven promise in rats precipitated too many side effects in people. That is a main issue when drugs verified on animals are then evaluated for human use; the authors stated that many medications which might be beneficial in animal reports ultimately fail to help men and women — a phenomenon the authors call as the “valley of demise” of pharmaceutical development.

Genetic Basis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Discovered

Mar 21, 2017

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third main cause of death in the US, yet there are no effective drugs that lessen mortality from the disease. While smoking remains the single foremost risk factor for COPD, genetics additionally play a main function. In a new study released in Nature Genetics, investigators describe �13 new genetic areas associated with COPD, including four that have no longer been associated with any lung disease. The researchers additionally discovered an overlap of the genetic risk of COPD with two other lung diseases, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. These findings create a greater understanding of the genetic basis for this lethal sickness.

According to lead author Brian Hobbs, MD, MMSc a physician-researcher in the Channing Division of Network Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of BWH, they are serious about these findings on the grounds that they have not only uncovered new genetic causes for COPD, but also have proven the overlap of COPD genetic risks with bronchial asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. This is a step to realise the genetic basis for COPD, or find out a number of diseases that �could present as COPD. Now that we know there are new areas of the genomes associated with COPD, we can construct on this research by probing new biological pathways with the goal of improving treatment options for patients with this disease.

Researchers conducted a genome-wide association study of risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a large, multi-ancestry cohort consisting of 15,256 cases and 47,936 controls. This study permits investigators to see across a complete set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with disease.

Primary findings from this study were replicated in a second cohort. The authors additionally sought to discover more about their findings through examining overlap with other diseases and analyzing what was identified about gene function in these regions. In addition to opting for 13 new genetic areas related to COPD, they learned 4 genetic areas that weren’t previously associated with any lung function trait.

Nine of the genetic regions had been recognized as taking part in a major role in lung function. Two have earlier shown an association� with pulmonary fibrosis; nonetheless, the distinctive forms of those genetic variants that develop risk for COPD decrease risk for pulmonary fibrosis. All analyses accounted for the consequences of age, gender, and cigarette smoking on disorder risk.

According to the authors, while it’s highly predominant that patients should not smoke for a lot of health reasons — including the prevention of COPD — we know that smoking cessation might not be sufficient to stave off the disease. Many sufferers with COPD blame themselves, however they may be comforted to grasp that genetics does play a role in who eventually develops the disease.

To know more about new discoveries in medicine, feel free to read our other medical and science articles on this site.

Food Supplements Could Be More Dangerous Than You Think

Mar 20, 2017

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Many herbal dietary supplements have hidden pharmaceutical substanves that might be inflicting health risks, according to a group of professionals from Queen’s University in Belfast, Kingston University London and LGC.

Emeritus Professor Duncan Burns, a forensically experienced analytical chemist from the Queen’s University Belfast’s Institute for Global Food Security, has been working with a team of experts on a peer-reviewed paper to compare the detection of harmful constituents in the supplements.

The experts included Dr Michael Walker from the Government Chemist Programme at LGC and Professor Declan Naughton from Kingston University.

The study observed that over-the-counter dietary supplements — quite often marketed to deal with obesity and erectile dysfunction issues — are labelled as absolutely herbal but incorporate probably damaging pharmaceutical materials, which aren’t listed on the label.

Professor Burns from Queen’s University, who’s working to improve knowledge in this field, explained that their assessment looked at studies around the world and questioned the purity of herbal food dietary supplements. They have determined that these dietary supplements are not what customers believe they are — they’re being deceived into pondering they are getting health advantages from a typical product when they are actually taking a hidden drug. These merchandise are unlicensed medicines and lots of �people are consuming large portions without realizing the interactions with other dietary supplements or drugs they may be taking. That is very dangerous and there can be extreme side effects.

The survey raises several questions concerning the safety of slimming dietary supplements containing Sibutramine. Sibutramine was licensed as Reductil until in 2010, when it was withdrawn across Europe and the United States as a result of an increasing risk of coronary heart disease and strokes associated with the use of the drug.

Tadalfil and sulfoaildenafil have been among the most often undeclared constituents in �products for erectile dysfunction. When taking other medicines containing nitrates, they can lower blood pressure tremendously and cause critical health problems.

Professor Burns also noted that this can be a real hindrance as people who are affected by diseases like diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension are taking prescribed nitrate containing medicines. If they’re also taking a herbal supplement to deal with erectile dysfunction, they could fall ill. He added that people who take these products may not be conscious they have taken these drugs and so when they consult with their physician they may not declare this and it may be hard to determine what is causing the side effects.

The authors explained that this work highlights the significant function that research and methods like data mining, can play in informing regulators about present tendencies in supplement contamination. This is very important to make sure that there are effective treatment procedures being carried out.

If you want to read about more medical breakthroughs, feel free to browse our other articles on this site.

Anti-Cancer Drug (Wnt inhibitor) Shows Promise in Regenerating Heart Tissue Damage

Mar 19, 2017

2013

An anticancer drug called Wnt inhibitor currently in development promotes regeneration of damaged heart tissue. This is an unexpected study finding that can prevent congestive heart failure in the years to come.

Many parts of the body like the blood and the intestinal lining continually renew in the course of life. Others like the heart do not. Since the heart lacks the ability to repair itself, injury caused by a heart attack causes scarring that results in severe weakening of the heart, known as heart failure.

For years, Dr. Lawrence Lum, the associate Professor of Cell Biology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, has laboured to create a cancer drug concentrating on Wnt signaling molecules. These molecules are needed for tissue regeneration, but in addition mostly make a contribution to cancer. Important to the production of Wnt proteins in humans is the porcupine (Porcn) enzyme, so-named on the grounds that fruit fly embryos missing this gene resemble a porcupine. In checking out the porcupine inhibitor researchers developed, they noted a curiosity.

Dr Lum claimed that they noticed many predictable adverse effects in bone and hair, however one surprising thing was that the number of dividing heart muscle cells was relatively elevated. Moreover to the extraordinary interest in porcupine inhibitors as anticancer agents, this study shows that such agents could be useful in regenerative medicine.

Centered on their initial results, the researchers induced coronary heart attacks in mice after which they handled them with a porcupine inhibitor. Their hearts’ capability to pump blood improved by nearly twofold compared to untreated animals.

The findings had been published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The authors noted that their lab has been studying heart repair for several years, and it was a good thing to see that administration of a Wnt inhibitor significantly extended heart functioning following a heart attack in mice.

Importantly, moreover to the accelerated pumping capacity of hearts in the mice, the researchers noticed a decrease in fibrosis, or scarring in the hearts. Collagen-laden scarring that happens following a heart attack can cause the heart to inappropriately �increase in size, and result in heart failure.

The authors noted that at the same time when fibrotic responses are also considered immediately valuable, they may be able to crush the potential of the heart to regenerate in the end. They think now they have an agent that may regulate this fibrotic response, for that, making the heart heal faster.

Moreover, Dr. Lum stated that preliminary experiments indicate that the porcupine inhibitor should to be used for a short time following a heart attack, suggesting that the unpleasant side effects precipitated through cancer drugs might be avoided. They hope to create a Porcn inhibitor to go into clinical testing as a regenerative agent for heart disease in the next few months.

Heart Disease Risk Dependent On the Number of Children

Mar 18, 2017

2013

Number of children is rising as a new factor that influences the �risk for some cardiovascular illnesses (CVD) or heart disease risk, and in some societies in each parent, according to Professor Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, chairperson of the European Society of Cardiology management of CVD During Pregnancy” guidelines task force.

Her comments come as a new study released in Circulation determined that experiencing a couple of pregnancies raises a woman’s threat of having atrial fibrillation (AF) later in life. According to her, the study described a linear expansion in AF with increasing number of pregnancies. This is exciting and is considered evidence that may happen through biological and sociocultural reasons.

A study concerning 0.5 million Chinese men and women determined a statistically huge J-shaped relationship between number of kids and threat of heart disorder and stroke. The authors of the study commented that it signifies that the risk decreases with one child, then increases with two or more children. They also mentioned that in the AF study, a J-formed relationship was once not statistically significant, but this may be because it was in around 34,000 women and slightly smaller than the Chinese study.

The lead author of the study commented that the factor was that the Chinese study showed the same association for women and men. In another study, they validated the same J-shaped association between number of children and risk of diabetes in women and men.

The authors feel that socioeconomic factors are the explanation. Having one child is protecting considering the fact that father and mother have social aid in older age. But if they have a large number of kids this advantage goes away given that it increases the economic and social stress on the parents.The number of children should be viewed a new aspect that will influence the risk for some cardiovascular diseases for people and included in study databases to be additionally investigated as a health indicator.

The lead author mentioned that more research should investigate biological and socioeconomic factors to provide an explanation for the relationship between number of children and heart disease risk. According to her,

There is evidence that being pregnant leads to alterations that adjust the body’s response to further cardiovascular stressors. This will likely occur through epigenetic mechanisms. However the findings in Chinese men favour the socioeconomic rationalization.

A separate study in the journal Circulation determined that delivering a premature baby could also be related to later cardiovascular disease, regardless of other risk explanations. Researchers reviewed information from 70 182 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II and realized that women who have a premature baby earlier than 37 weeks gestation of their first birth have a 40% higher risk of later CVD compared to women who delivered at term, and those who delivered earlier than 32 weeks are at twice the danger compared to full-term deliveries.

New Mechanism for Asthma Discovered

Mar 17, 2017

2011

Are you suffering from asthma? Researchers from the UNC School of Medicine feel that they have isolated a protein that, when lacking or depleted, can cause airway constriction, production of mucus, chest tightness, and difficulty of breathing for the 334 million people globally who have asthma.
So they are hopeful that this discovery, published in the journal Nature Communications, will result in more effective therapies for asthma.
Robert Tarran, PhD, associate professor of medicine, and a member of the UNC Marsico Lung Institute, initially focuses his research on cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However after discovering a protein — SPLUNC1 — in a cystic fibrosis study, Tarran’s colleague Steve Tilley, MD, UNC associate professor of medicine, questioned what function it might play in asthmatics.
Dr. Tilley remarked that they first measured SPLUNC1 levels in airway samples from asthmatics and normal volunteers within the UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology. They had been astonished to find out that SPLUNC1 levels had been markedly diminished in persons who have bronchial asthma.
Using mouse models that were given allergens like that given to individuals who have bronchial asthma, Tilley’s lab discovered that SPLUNC1 stages have been depleted within the airways, similar to the findings in humans with bronchial asthma, and that restoring SPLUNC1 reversed airway hyperresponsiveness, which is a cardinal sign of asthma. Tarran’s lab decided that SPLUNC1 could affect contraction of the airway smooth muscles by preventing calcium entry into smooth muscle cells, offering a mechanistic explanation of how a deficiency of this protein would lead to airway hyperresponsiveness.
Tarran added that people have been finding out about SPLUNC1 and its position in the context of different diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and lung cancer, however they feel that they are the right team to identify its function in asthma.

SPLUNC1 protein

Tarran further remarked that this protein, which is turned off by excessive inflammation, is needed to motivate the muscle to calm down. It has muscle-relaxing effectsthat is missing in asthma sufferers. It’s something that most likely acts as a brake.
A potential treatment for asthma would be to replace either the whole protein or part of the protein, which would be delivered via a nebulizer or inhaler.
Tarran added that asthma attacks are a lot higher within the western world. Probably the highest countries are Australia, the U.K., and the United States. The costs of asthma to the healthcare system within the U.S. are really huge. A lot of bronchial asthma treatments that people use are inhalers, which have been around for a long time. There have only been a couple of new bronchial asthma drugs within one or two decades, and they’re nonetheless being evaluated. This protein would be a new target to pursue, and it would particularly bring about improvement in many people.
The authors commented that since they know the crystal structure of the protein, they’re in a position to find the active site of the protein that regulates smooth muscle contraction, with a purpose to make peptides or drugs to bind to that active site and observe if that works.
To know more about new treatments, feel free to browse more articles on this site.

Synthesizing Chemical Products on Artificial Leaf Using Sunlight

Feb 21, 2017

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Chemical engineers at Eindhoven University of Technology have submitted a scenario to collect adequate sunlight for producing chemical products such as drugs or crop protection agents.

Making chemical products using sunlight has been a dream of many chemical engineers. The challenge is that available sunlight produces insufficient energy to start reactions. But nature is capable of doing this. Antenna molecules present in leaves can seize energy from sunlight and save it in the reaction centers of the leaf where adequate solar energy is found for the chemical reactions that provide the plant its food. This process is called photosynthesis.

Capturing Adequate Light

The researchers came across comparatively new materials, known as luminescent solar concentrators (LSC’s), which are capable of capturing sunlight in the same manner. Particular light-sensitive molecules in these materials seize a large amount of the incoming light that they then exchange into a specific color that is moved to the edges via light conductivity. These LSC’s are often used in practice in association with solar cells to maximize the yield.

Mircochannels and LSC

The researchers, under the leadership of Dr. Timothy Noël, united the idea of an LSC with their knowledge of microchannels which are very thin channels in a silicon rubber LSC where a liquid can be pumped. In this approach they were capable of bringing the incoming sunlight to get in touch with the molecules in the liquid with high intensity enough to carry out chemical reactions.

While the reaction they selected were considered as an initial example, the results exceeded all their expectations, and not only in the lab. “The chemical production was found to be 40 percent higher than that of a same experiment without using LSC material,” mentioned lead researcher Noël. “We still notice plenty of potential for improvement. We currently have a powerful tool at our disposal that facilitates the sustainable, sunlight-based production of helpful chemical products such as drugs or crop protection agents.”

Artificial leaf as reactor to produce drugs

For the production of drugs there are really a lot of possibilities. The chemical reactions for producing drugs now need toxic chemicals and more energy in the form of fossil fuels. Making use of visible light for the same reactions happen to be sustainable, cheap and, theoretically, numerous times faster. However Noël hopes it need not stop there. “By using a reactor like this it means you can produce drugs anywhere, technically, whether malaria drugs in the jungle or paracetamol on Mars. All you require is sunlight and this mini-factory.”

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Image Credit:�Bart van Overbeeke

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